本文選題：非晶合金永磁電機(jī) + 振動(dòng)噪聲��； 參考：《沈陽工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：非晶合金材料具有低損耗的優(yōu)異性能,將其應(yīng)用于電機(jī)能顯著減小電機(jī)鐵耗,提高電機(jī)效率,非晶合金永磁電機(jī)是電機(jī)領(lǐng)域具有良好前景的新型電機(jī)。但非晶合金材料存在剛度低、磁致伸縮系數(shù)較大、鐵心疊壓系數(shù)低的缺陷,由此將引起非晶合金永磁電機(jī)振動(dòng)噪聲顯著加大。本文針對非晶合金永磁電機(jī)電磁振動(dòng)噪聲展開深入的研究,主要研究工作包括以下幾個(gè)方面:第一部分建立磁致伸縮引起的電機(jī)定子鐵心振動(dòng)解析模型。磁致伸縮是引起非晶合金永磁電機(jī)振動(dòng)的主要原因之一。根據(jù)徑向磁通和軸向磁通電機(jī)的磁路結(jié)構(gòu),基于壓磁方程和牛頓定律分別建立磁致伸縮引起的兩種結(jié)構(gòu)電機(jī)定子鐵心振動(dòng)解析模型。利用解析模型確定各物理量之間的關(guān)系,得出:磁致伸縮引起的電機(jī)定子鐵心振動(dòng)與磁致伸縮系數(shù)成正比,定子鐵心振動(dòng)位移與軛部圓環(huán)半徑、齒高近似呈線性關(guān)系,彈性模量對磁致伸縮引起的電機(jī)定子鐵心振動(dòng)影響很小。當(dāng)電機(jī)固有頻率遠(yuǎn)離供電頻率時(shí),供電頻率對定子鐵心振動(dòng)位移影響很小;定子鐵心振動(dòng)速度與供電頻率成正比;定子鐵心振動(dòng)加速度與供電頻率的平方成正比。對解析模型進(jìn)行編程,形成計(jì)算軟件。對定子鐵心軛部振動(dòng)簡化模型和精確模型的適用性進(jìn)行分析,得出簡化模型可以準(zhǔn)確的計(jì)算出定子鐵心軛部的平均振動(dòng),精確模型可以計(jì)算出定子鐵心軛部振動(dòng)的分布特性。通過解析計(jì)算值、有限元計(jì)算值和實(shí)驗(yàn)測試值的對比,驗(yàn)證了解析模型的準(zhǔn)確性。最后,利用解析模型分析得出電機(jī)定子鐵心振動(dòng)位移和應(yīng)力的分布特性。第二部分對非晶合金電機(jī)電磁振動(dòng)噪聲數(shù)值計(jì)算方法進(jìn)行研究。提出一種綜合考慮電磁力、磁致伸縮效應(yīng)和疊片壓緊力的電機(jī)電磁振動(dòng)噪聲數(shù)值計(jì)算方法。疊片壓緊力對電機(jī)振動(dòng)噪聲的影響通過兩個(gè)方面來考慮:一方面,疊片壓緊力對鐵心磁性能(磁致伸縮和磁化特性)產(chǎn)生影響;另一方面,疊片壓緊力對鐵心力學(xué)性能(楊氏模量和剪切模量)產(chǎn)生影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)測試非晶合金磁致伸縮特性曲線以及疊壓、卷繞鐵心磁化特性曲線,同時(shí)利用非晶合金疊壓和卷繞定子鐵心模態(tài)實(shí)驗(yàn)對非晶合金彈性模量進(jìn)行修正。利用該計(jì)算方法對一臺2.1kW徑向磁通非晶合金永磁電機(jī)和一臺7kW軸向磁通非晶合金永磁電機(jī)電磁振動(dòng)噪聲進(jìn)行計(jì)算,同時(shí)對電磁力單獨(dú)作用、電磁力和磁致伸縮共同作用情況下電機(jī)電磁振動(dòng)噪聲進(jìn)行計(jì)算,將三種情況下電機(jī)噪聲計(jì)算值與實(shí)驗(yàn)測試值進(jìn)行對比,證明了本文提出的計(jì)算方法提高了電機(jī)振動(dòng)噪聲計(jì)算精度。第三部分對非晶合金鐵心振動(dòng)噪聲的影響因素進(jìn)行研究。非晶合金鐵心的性能參數(shù)(彈性模量、磁致伸縮特性和磁化特性)與加工工藝(疊壓和卷繞、退火和浸漆)有關(guān),并且不同加工工藝影響很大,由此可見加工工藝影響非晶合金鐵心振動(dòng)噪聲。同時(shí)磁通密度和頻率直接影響非晶合金鐵心的振動(dòng)噪聲。本文搭建測試平臺,制作不同加工工藝非晶合金鐵心樣品,對不同磁通密度和頻率下鐵心樣品的振動(dòng)噪聲進(jìn)行測試,研究磁通密度、頻率以及不同加工工藝對非晶合金鐵心振動(dòng)噪聲的影響規(guī)律。得出:不同磁通密度和頻率下疊壓鐵心振動(dòng)比卷繞鐵心小8.0-12.7%;疊壓鐵心噪聲隨磁通密度和頻率增加幅度均比卷繞鐵心小;浸漆比未浸漆非晶合金鐵心振動(dòng)減小12.9-31.3%,噪聲減小1.9%-4.5%;退火比未退火非晶合金鐵心振動(dòng)減小37.8-63.7%,噪聲減小4.7-7.8%;在高頻和高磁密時(shí),退火和浸漆對非晶合金鐵心振動(dòng)噪聲的影響變小。采用非晶合金疊壓鐵心、對鐵心進(jìn)行退火和浸漆處理可以減小非晶合金永磁電機(jī)振動(dòng)噪聲。第四部分對電機(jī)振動(dòng)噪聲的影響因素進(jìn)行研究。不同鐵心材料的彈性模量差別很大。同時(shí)不同鐵心材料的磁致伸縮系數(shù)相差很大,并且壓應(yīng)力對磁致伸縮系數(shù)影響很大,當(dāng)壓應(yīng)力超過一定限值時(shí)磁致伸縮系數(shù)將急劇增大。另外,采用不同材料和不同加工工藝制作的鐵心疊壓系數(shù)不同。研究定子鐵心材料楊氏模量、磁致伸縮系數(shù)和疊片壓緊力對電機(jī)電磁振動(dòng)噪聲的影響,得出:電機(jī)電磁振動(dòng)與楊氏模量近似成反比,楊氏模量越大,磁致伸縮效應(yīng)對電機(jī)振動(dòng)噪聲影響越大;磁致伸縮系數(shù)越大,磁致伸縮效應(yīng)對電機(jī)振動(dòng)噪聲影響越大;疊片壓緊力對非晶合金電機(jī)振動(dòng)噪聲的影響比硅鋼片電機(jī)大,疊片壓緊力對軸向磁通電機(jī)振動(dòng)噪聲的影響比徑向磁通電機(jī)大。對相同規(guī)格的2.1kW徑向磁通非晶合金和硅鋼片永磁電機(jī)以及7kW軸向磁通非晶合金和硅鋼片永磁電機(jī)振動(dòng)噪聲進(jìn)行計(jì)算和測試,確定磁致伸縮效應(yīng)和疊片壓緊力對兩種結(jié)構(gòu)非晶合金和硅鋼片電機(jī)振動(dòng)噪聲的影響,同時(shí)確定非晶合金和硅鋼片永磁電機(jī)振動(dòng)噪聲存在的差異及產(chǎn)生差異的原因。二者產(chǎn)生差異的主要原因?yàn)榉蔷Ш辖鸩牧蠌椥阅Ａ康?其次為鐵心疊壓系數(shù)較低和磁致伸縮系數(shù)較大。
[Abstract]:Amorphous alloy materials have excellent properties of low loss, which can significantly reduce motor iron consumption and improve motor efficiency. Amorphous alloy permanent magnet motor is a new type of motor with good prospects in the field of motor. However, the defects of low stiffness, large magnetostrictive coefficient and low superposition coefficient of iron core are caused by amorphous alloy materials. The vibration noise of amorphous alloy permanent magnet motor is greatly increased. In this paper, the electromagnetic vibration noise of amorphous alloy permanent magnet motor is researched deeply. The main research work includes the following aspects: the first part is to establish the analytical model of the stator core vibration of the motor caused by magnetostrictive. One of the main reasons is that based on the magnetic circuit structure of the radial flux and the axial flux motor, based on the piezomagnetic equation and Newton's law, the analytical model of the stator core vibration of two structural motors caused by magnetostriction is established respectively. The relationship between the physical quantities is determined by the analytical model, and the vibration and magnetism of the stator core of the motor caused by magnetostriction are obtained. There is a linear relationship between the vibration displacement of the stator core and the radius of the yoke and the height of the tooth. The elastic modulus has little effect on the stator core vibration caused by magnetostriction. When the natural frequency of the motor is far away from the power supply frequency, the power supply frequency has little effect on the dynamic displacement of the stator Tie Xinzhen; the stator core vibration velocity and supply are very small. The vibration acceleration of the stator core is proportional to the square of the frequency of the power supply. The analytical model is programmed to form the calculation software. The applicability of the simplified model and the accurate model of the stator core yoke vibration is analyzed, and the simplified model can accurately calculate the average vibration of the stator core yoke, and the exact model can be obtained. The distribution characteristics of the vibration of the stator core yoke are calculated. The accuracy of the analytical model is verified by the analysis of the calculated values and the comparison between the calculated values of the finite element and the experimental test values. Finally, the distribution characteristics of the vibration displacement and stress of the stator core of the motor are obtained by the analytical model. The second part is on the electromagnetic vibration noise of the amorphous alloy motor. A numerical method for calculating the electromagnetic vibration and noise of a motor which takes into account the electromagnetic force, magnetostrictive effect and laminated compression force is presented. The influence of the laminated compression force on the vibration and noise of the motor is considered in two aspects: on the one hand, the magnetic properties of the core (magnetostrictive and magnetization) are produced by the laminated compression force. On the other hand, the influence of the laminated compression force on the mechanical properties of the core (Young's modulus and shear modulus). The magnetostrictive characteristic curve of the amorphous alloy and the magnetization curve of the coiling iron core are tested experimentally, and the elastic modulus of the amorphous alloy is corrected by using the amorphous alloy superposition and winding stator core model experiments. The calculation method is used to calculate the electromagnetic vibration noise of a 2.1kW radial flux amorphous alloy permanent magnet motor and a 7kW axial flux amorphous alloy permanent magnet motor. The electromagnetic vibration noise of the motor under the joint action of electromagnetic force and magnetostrictive force is calculated at the same time. The calculation value of the motor noise in three cases is calculated. The comparison of experimental test values shows that the calculation method proposed in this paper improves the accuracy of calculating the vibration and noise of the motor. Third the factors affecting the vibration noise of amorphous alloy core are studied. The performance parameters of the amorphous alloy core (elastic modulus, magnetostrictive and magnetostriction characteristics) and processing technology (superposition and winding, annealing, and annealing) are studied. It can be seen that the processing technology affects the vibration and noise of the amorphous alloy iron core. At the same time, the magnetic flux density and frequency directly affect the vibration and noise of the amorphous alloy iron core. In this paper, a test platform is set up to make the amorphous alloy iron core samples of different processing technology, and to the core of different flux density and frequency. The vibration noise of the sample is tested, and the influence of magnetic flux density, frequency and different processing technology on the vibration and noise of amorphous alloy iron core is studied. It is concluded that the vibration of the superimposed core is smaller than that of the winding core at different magnetic flux density and frequency, and the increase of the noise with the flux density and frequency is smaller than that of the winding core, and the lacquer is impregnated with different magnetic flux density and frequency. The vibration of the iron core of the amorphous alloy decreased by 12.9-31.3% and 1.9%-4.5%, and the vibration decreased by 37.8-63.7%, and the noise decreased by 4.7-7.8% than that of the unannealed amorphous alloy. At high frequency and high magnetic density, the effect of annealing and lacquer on the vibration and noise of amorphous alloy iron core was smaller. The vibration and noise of the amorphous alloy permanent magnet motor can be reduced by the dip coating treatment. The fourth part studies the influence factors of the vibration and noise of the motor. The elastic modulus of different iron core materials is very different. At the same time, the magnetostrictive coefficient of different core materials is very different, and the pressure stress has great influence on the magnetic extension coefficient, when the pressure stress is more than certain. The coefficient of magnetostrictive coefficient will increase sharply at the limit. In addition, the superposition coefficient of the core made of different materials and different processing techniques is different. The influence of the young's modulus, magnetostrictive coefficient and laminated compression force on the electromagnetic vibration and noise of the motor is studied. It is concluded that the electromagnetic vibration of the motor is inversely proportional to the young's modulus, Yang Shimo The larger the quantity, the greater the effect of magnetostrictive effect on the vibration and noise of the motor, the greater the magnetostrictive coefficient, the greater the effect of magnetostrictive effect on the vibration and noise of the motor; the influence of the laminated compression force on the vibration and noise of the amorphous alloy motor is larger than that of the silicon steel sheet motor, and the influence of the laminated compression force on the vibration and noise of the axial magnetic motor is larger than that of the radial flux motor. The vibration noise of 2.1kW radial flux amorphous alloy and silicon steel sheet permanent magnet motor, 7kW axial magnetic flux amorphous alloy and silicon steel sheet permanent magnet motor is tested and tested to determine the effect of magnetostrictive effect and laminated compression force on the vibration noise of two structure amorphous alloy and silicon steel sheet motor, and the amorphous alloy and the amorphous alloy are determined at the same time. The difference between the vibration and noise of the silicon steel sheet permanent magnet motor and the reasons for the difference are the main reasons for the difference between the two reasons are the low modulus of the amorphous alloy material, the lower the core superposition coefficient and the larger magnetostrictive coefficient.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM351

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