本文選題：永磁同步電機(jī) + 霍爾估算��； 參考：《中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著人們生活水平的提高,低速微型電動(dòng)四輪車因其舒適性、便捷性受到越來越多的關(guān)注。低壓大功率永磁同步電機(jī)因具有效率高、損耗小、結(jié)構(gòu)簡單的特點(diǎn),已逐漸取代交流感應(yīng)電機(jī)成為電動(dòng)車調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分。本文以低壓大功率永磁同步電機(jī)為控制對(duì)象,對(duì)其控制系統(tǒng)展開研究與設(shè)計(jì)。介紹了永磁同步電機(jī)中不同類型的轉(zhuǎn)子結(jié)構(gòu)。闡述了永磁同步電機(jī)在ABC坐標(biāo)系、αβ坐標(biāo)系、dq坐標(biāo)系下的數(shù)學(xué)模型及其矢量控制方法。針對(duì)現(xiàn)有空間矢量脈寬調(diào)制技術(shù)(SVPWM)算法計(jì)算量大的缺點(diǎn),研究采用了一種改進(jìn)型SVPWM算法,在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建了PMSM矢量控制系統(tǒng)的仿真系統(tǒng)模型,仿真和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了算法的可行性;為了滿足PMSM矢量控制系統(tǒng)對(duì)位置角度的要求,討論了三相開關(guān)型霍爾的轉(zhuǎn)子位置估算和基于磁性傳感器的轉(zhuǎn)子位置測量兩種位置角檢測方法;闡述了三相開關(guān)型霍爾估算算法中啟動(dòng)起始角給定、應(yīng)對(duì)霍爾安裝誤差的估算方法、仿真研究對(duì)比了平均速度和平均加速度兩種估算方法;研究了磁性位置傳感器的工作原理、通信協(xié)議、永磁同步電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子絕對(duì)0的矯正并在MPLAB/IDE嵌入的DMCI上位機(jī)上對(duì)比了磁性位置傳感器與光電編碼器的精度;通過硬件預(yù)留和軟件預(yù)定義的方法,設(shè)計(jì)了一種可以兼容開關(guān)型霍爾估算與新型磁性位置檢測的永磁同步電機(jī)控制器;針對(duì)永磁同步電機(jī)使用三相霍爾估算轉(zhuǎn)子初始位置時(shí),因角度誤差引起啟動(dòng)電流大的問題,將非線性PI控制運(yùn)用于低壓大功率永磁同步電機(jī)控制器中,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,永磁同步電機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)了啟動(dòng)無超調(diào)。本文從控制硬件成本出發(fā),完成了反激開關(guān)電源、多MOSFET并聯(lián)、電流檢測、位置信號(hào)接收及MOSFET驅(qū)動(dòng)等硬件電路設(shè)計(jì),結(jié)合dspic33EP32MC204芯片特點(diǎn)與硬件電路配合完成控制系統(tǒng)軟件開發(fā)。通過永磁同步電機(jī)矢量控制系統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái),對(duì)控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行測試,測試結(jié)果證明了設(shè)計(jì)的正確性及可靠性。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of people's living standard, low speed miniature electric four-wheeled vehicle is paid more and more attention because of its comfort and convenience. Because of its high efficiency, low loss and simple structure, low-voltage high-power permanent magnet synchronous motor has gradually replaced AC induction motor as an important part of electric vehicle speed regulation system. In this paper, the control system of low-voltage high-power permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is studied and designed. The rotor structure of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is introduced. The mathematical model and vector control method of permanent magnet synchronous motor in ABC coordinate system, 偽 尾 coordinate system and dq coordinate system are described. Aiming at the shortcoming of the existing space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) algorithm, an improved SVPWM algorithm is adopted. The simulation system model of the PMSM vector control system is built in MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation and experimental results verify the feasibility of the algorithm. In order to meet the requirement of position angle of PMSM vector control system, two methods of rotor position estimation of three-phase switch Hall and rotor position measurement based on magnetic sensor are discussed. In this paper, the estimation method of starting angle and Hall installation error in three-phase switching Hall estimation algorithm is described. The average velocity and average acceleration are compared by simulation, and the working principle of magnetic position sensor is studied. In the communication protocol, the rotor absolute 0 of permanent magnet synchronous motor is corrected and the accuracy of the magnetic position sensor and the photoelectric encoder is compared on the DMCI PC embedded in MPLAB/IDE, and the method of hardware reservation and software predefined is used to compare the accuracy of the magnetic position sensor and the photoelectric encoder. This paper designs a permanent magnet synchronous motor controller which can be compatible with switch Hall estimation and new magnetic position detection. When using three-phase Hall to estimate the initial position of the rotor, the starting current of permanent magnet synchronous motor is large due to angle error. The nonlinear Pi control is applied to the low voltage high power permanent magnet synchronous motor controller. The experimental results show that the permanent magnet synchronous motor can start without overshoot. In this paper, the hardware circuit design of flyback switching power supply, multiple MOSFET parallel connection, current detection, position signal receiving and MOSFET driver is completed from the view of controlling hardware cost. The software development of control system is completed by combining the characteristics of dspic33EP32MC204 chip with hardware circuit. The control system is tested by the vector control system of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The test results prove the correctness and reliability of the design.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM341;TP273

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本文編號(hào)：1934340