本文選題：PWM整流器 + 電壓定向控制　； 參考：《中國礦業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國現(xiàn)代化進程地不斷推進,各種工業(yè)設備和家用電器的精密程度也越來越高。為了提高生產效率、延長設備的使用壽命,人們對電能質量提出了更高的要求。然而,不論是在工業(yè)領域還是日常生活領域都存在大量的非線性負載,非線性負載產生大量的諧波,導致電網功率因數(shù)偏低,對電氣設備帶來了不利的影響。相比較于二極管等不可控整流器,PWM整流器作為一種“綠色”電能變換裝置,不僅能夠實現(xiàn)網側電流正弦化,而且其直流側電壓穩(wěn)定可控,可以從根源上消除諧波源,從而減少電網損耗,提高電氣設備的運行效率。本文基于兩電平三相電壓源型PWM整流器結構,對PWM整流器的控制策略進行了研究。本文對三相電壓源型PWM整流器數(shù)學模型進行了詳細推導,對其控制策略進行了深入的研究。作為一種比較成熟的控制策略,基于電網電壓定向的控制策略可以實現(xiàn)良好的穩(wěn)態(tài)性能,但是其動態(tài)性能不夠理想,PI參數(shù)的設計以及調節(jié)比較麻煩。為了提高整流器的動態(tài)性能,簡化控制器參數(shù)設計,本文介紹了模型預測控制策略。單矢量FCS-MPC控制策略簡單,動態(tài)性能良好,但是其開關頻率不固定,等效開關頻率低,穩(wěn)態(tài)性能較差;雙矢量FCS-MPC穩(wěn)態(tài)性能較單矢量FCS-MPC有較大提高,但是其動態(tài)響應較差。FCS-MPC在選取最優(yōu)矢量時將八個矢量都帶入整流器數(shù)學模型進行計算,這極大地增加了處理器的負擔,不利于系統(tǒng)性能的提升。針對這一問題,本文提出了一種簡化算法,該算法不需要計算八個矢量的預測電流,從而減少了處理器的運算時間。不論是單矢量FCS-MPC還是雙矢量FCS-MPC,功率管的開關頻率均不是恒定的。為了實現(xiàn)功率管開關頻率恒定,提高整流器的穩(wěn)態(tài)性能,本文提出了一種定頻模型預測控制算法,該算法通過計算得出在下一采樣時刻作用的電壓矢量,利用SVPWM調制算法將電壓矢量轉換成相應的開關信號,從而實現(xiàn)定頻控制。針對模型預測控制算法易受模型參數(shù)失配以及外界干擾影響的缺點,本文將擴張狀態(tài)觀測器與模型預測控制相結合,將參數(shù)失配引起的模型誤差和外界干擾通過觀測器進行觀測,將觀測的結果進行前饋,實時修改系統(tǒng)的數(shù)學模型,從而消除參數(shù)失配以及外界干擾的影響,實現(xiàn)預測算法的魯棒控制。本文對于擴張狀態(tài)觀測器的觀測誤差進行了分析,分析結果表明:擴張狀態(tài)觀測器觀測出的擾動與實際值非常接近,由此可看出采用擴張狀態(tài)觀測器來觀測擾動是合適的。為了驗證算法的有效性,本文做了相關的仿真和實驗,仿真和實驗結果均驗證了本文所提控制方法的有效性。
[Abstract]:With the development of modernization in our country, the precision of various industrial equipments and household appliances is becoming more and more high. In order to improve the production efficiency and prolong the service life of the equipment, people put forward higher requirements to the power quality. However, there are a large number of nonlinear loads in both the industrial and daily life fields. The nonlinear load produces a large number of harmonics, which leads to the low power factor of the power grid, which has a negative impact on the electrical equipment. Compared with the uncontrollable rectifier such as diode, PWM rectifier, as a kind of "green" power conversion device, can not only realize the sinusoidal current on the grid side, but also the DC side voltage is stable and controllable, which can eliminate the harmonic source from the source. Thus reducing the loss of power grid and improving the operation efficiency of electrical equipment. Based on the structure of two-level three-phase voltage source PWM rectifier, the control strategy of PWM rectifier is studied in this paper. In this paper, the mathematical model of three-phase voltage source PWM rectifier is derived in detail, and its control strategy is deeply studied. As a mature control strategy, the control strategy based on voltage orientation can achieve good steady-state performance, but its dynamic performance is not ideal enough to design and adjust Pi parameters. In order to improve the dynamic performance of rectifier and simplify the design of controller parameters, the model predictive control strategy is introduced in this paper. The control strategy of single vector FCS-MPC is simple, the dynamic performance is good, but its switching frequency is not fixed, the equivalent switching frequency is low, the steady-state performance of double-vector FCS-MPC is poor, and the steady-state performance of double-vector FCS-MPC is better than that of single-vector FCS-MPC. However, the dynamic response of FCS-MPC is poor. FCS-MPC brings eight vectors into the mathematical model of rectifier to calculate when selecting the optimal vector, which greatly increases the processor's burden and is not conducive to the improvement of system performance. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a simplified algorithm, which does not need to calculate the predictive current of eight vectors, thus reducing the computing time of the processor. Whether it is single vector FCS-MPC or double vector FCS-MPC, the switching frequency of power transistor is not constant. In order to keep the switching frequency constant and improve the steady-state performance of the rectifier, a fixed frequency model predictive control algorithm is proposed in this paper. The voltage vector acting at the next sampling time is obtained by the algorithm. The voltage vector is converted into the corresponding switching signal by SVPWM modulation algorithm, and the constant frequency control is realized. In this paper, the extended state observer is combined with the model predictive control to overcome the disadvantage that the model predictive control algorithm is easily affected by the model parameter mismatch and external disturbance. The model error and external disturbance caused by parameter mismatch are observed through the observer, the results of observation are feedforward, and the mathematical model of the system is modified in real time, so as to eliminate the influence of parameter mismatch and external disturbance. The robust control of prediction algorithm is realized. In this paper, the observation error of the extended state observer is analyzed. The results show that the disturbance observed by the extended state observer is very close to the actual value, which shows that it is appropriate to use the extended state observer to observe the disturbance. In order to verify the validity of the algorithm, the simulation and experiment results show that the proposed control method is effective.
【學位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM461

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本文編號：1918131