本文選題：磁滯模型 + 勵(lì)磁涌流��； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：電力變壓器作為電力系統(tǒng)中的重要電氣設(shè)備,在配電和輸電的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)都被大量使用,因此變壓器能否可靠的運(yùn)行,將對(duì)整個(gè)電力系統(tǒng)的電力安全穩(wěn)定起到重要的影響。隨著特高壓電網(wǎng)和智能電網(wǎng)的建設(shè),為了提高系統(tǒng)的暫態(tài)穩(wěn)定性,對(duì)變壓器保護(hù)提出了更高的要求。但是同線路保護(hù)相比,變壓器保護(hù)的正確動(dòng)作率還有待提高,因此有必要對(duì)變壓器保護(hù)作出研究與分析。首先本文針對(duì)課題的研究背景,介紹了當(dāng)前的變壓器保護(hù)方法。對(duì)各保護(hù)算法進(jìn)行了分析,并各自的特點(diǎn)和可能遇到的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了介紹。文章將變壓器保護(hù)方法概括為三類:基于電流波形特征的變壓器保護(hù)方案,基于電壓波形特征的變壓器保護(hù)方案,以及同時(shí)利用電流電壓的變壓器保護(hù)方案。并說(shuō)明了單純基于電流或電壓一種電氣量的變壓器保護(hù)存在局限性,因此研究變壓器內(nèi)部磁化過(guò)程來(lái)分析變壓器保護(hù)具有十分重要意義。接著在Matlab中對(duì)變壓器勵(lì)磁涌流進(jìn)行了建模仿真,分析了當(dāng)變壓器飽和嚴(yán)重的情況下,勵(lì)磁涌流中的二次諧波含量將會(huì)降低,影響二次諧波制動(dòng)的判斷,可能會(huì)造成變壓器保護(hù)的誤判;對(duì)于合閘于小匝數(shù)故障的勵(lì)磁涌流,由于故障電流中包含大量的二次諧波含量,并且衰減得很慢,將會(huì)影響故障的切除時(shí)間。通過(guò)與一次三相變壓器二次諧波制動(dòng)誤動(dòng)作的案例相結(jié)合,分析了對(duì)于Y-Δ接線的三相變壓器,在計(jì)算差流的轉(zhuǎn)角變換過(guò)程中,由于環(huán)流的影響,使得每相差流發(fā)生變化,正常無(wú)故障合閘情況下可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)二次諧波含量較低的差流,這時(shí)依靠二次諧波制動(dòng)原理可能會(huì)造成誤判,導(dǎo)致保護(hù)誤動(dòng)。所以本文通過(guò)研究變壓器內(nèi)部的磁化特征,找到變壓器內(nèi)部涌流與故障的本質(zhì)特征,避開勵(lì)磁涌流的影響。本文采用Jiles-Atherton(J-A)磁滯模型來(lái)研究磁滯特性。介紹了 J-A磁滯模型的基本原理和其磁滯數(shù)學(xué)模型以及目前的研究現(xiàn)狀,推導(dǎo)出J-A模型的微分方程。根據(jù)微分方程,在Matlab中對(duì)J-A磁化曲線進(jìn)行了建模仿真,通過(guò)模型分析了各參數(shù)對(duì)磁滯回線的影響。最終利用遺傳算法和差分進(jìn)化算法實(shí)現(xiàn)了模型參數(shù)的識(shí)別,為利用J-A模型研究變壓器保護(hù)提供了前提條件。文章通過(guò)磁滯回線特征分析說(shuō)明了變壓器縱聯(lián)支接導(dǎo)納保護(hù)方法,利用磁滯回線解釋了支接導(dǎo)納等效模型的意義,并依據(jù)磁滯回線面積即磁滯損耗對(duì)保護(hù)算法進(jìn)行了整定。該保護(hù)避開了勵(lì)磁涌流的影響,直接根據(jù)直接導(dǎo)納的電導(dǎo)來(lái)對(duì)保護(hù)進(jìn)行判定,不受涌流等諧波的影響。因?yàn)樽儔浩魇欠翊嬖趧?lì)磁涌流只影響支接導(dǎo)納的電納,支接導(dǎo)納的電導(dǎo)部分反應(yīng)了變壓器內(nèi)部的能量損耗,對(duì)匝間短路故障十分敏感,而發(fā)生涌流與否對(duì)電導(dǎo)影響較小。該保護(hù)算法能夠有效的識(shí)別出變壓器內(nèi)部小匝數(shù)的匝間短路故障、變壓器投于輕微匝間短路故障等情況,具有較高的靈敏性與可靠性。此外,由于支接導(dǎo)納在導(dǎo)納平面上的軌跡簡(jiǎn)單,所以保護(hù)算法整定方法簡(jiǎn)單,利于進(jìn)行保護(hù)計(jì)算。
[Abstract]:As an important electrical equipment in the power system, the power transformer is used in all aspects of the power distribution and transmission, so the reliability of the transformer will play an important role in the power safety and stability of the whole power system. With the construction of the UHV power grid and the intelligent electric network, the transient stability of the system will be improved. Higher requirements for transformer protection are put forward. But compared with line protection, the correct action rate of transformer protection remains to be improved. Therefore, it is necessary to make a study and analysis of transformer protection. First of all, this paper introduces the current method of transformer protection in view of the research background of the subject. The characteristics and possible problems are introduced. The method of transformer protection is summarized into three types: transformer protection scheme based on current waveform characteristics, transformer protection scheme based on voltage waveform characteristics, and transformer protection scheme using current and voltage at the same time, and simply based on electric current or voltage one kind of electric power. There are limitations in the protection of the transformer, so it is very important to study the internal magnetization process of the transformer to analyze the transformer protection. Then, the transformer inrush current is modeled and simulated in Matlab. When the transformer saturation is serious, the two harmonic content in the inrush current will be reduced and the two harmonic is affected. The judgement of the wave brake may cause the misjudgement of the transformer protection; for the inrush current which is closed to the small turn number fault, the two harmonic content in the fault current and the slow attenuation will affect the removal time of the fault. The analysis is combined with the case of the two harmonic brake misoperation with a three-phase voltage regulator. For the three-phase transformer of Y- delta connection, in the process of calculating the angle transformation of the differential flow, due to the influence of the circulation, the difference flow is changed and the difference of the two harmonic content may appear in the normal operation without fault. At this time, the two harmonic brake pros may cause misjudgement and cause the protection misoperation. Therefore, this paper will lead to the misoperation of the protection. By studying the magnetization characteristics inside the transformer, the essential characteristics of inrush and fault in the transformer are found, and the effect of inrush current is avoided. The hysteresis model of Jiles-Atherton (J-A) is used to study the hysteresis characteristics. The basic principle of the J-A hysteresis model and its hysteresis mathematical model as well as the current research status are introduced, and the J-A model is derived. The differential equation. Based on the differential equation, the magnetization curve of J-A is modeled and simulated in Matlab. Through the model, the influence of the parameters on the hysteresis loop is analyzed. Finally, the genetic algorithm and differential evolution algorithm are used to identify the parameters of the model, which provides the precondition for the study of the voltage transformer protection by using the J-A model. The line characteristic analysis shows the method of transformer longitudinal support admittance protection, and uses hysteresis loop to explain the significance of the equivalent admittance model. The protection algorithm is adjusted according to hysteresis loop area, i.e. magnetic hysteresis loss. The protection avoids the influence of inrush current and determines the protection directly according to direct admittance conductance. It is not affected by the harmonics such as inrush. Because the existence of inrush current in the transformer only affects the electrical induction of the admittance, the conduction part of the support admittance reflects the energy loss within the transformer, and is very sensitive to the interturn short circuit fault, and the inrush is less influential to the conductance. The protection algorithm can effectively identify the internal transformer. In the case of small turn to turn short circuit fault, the transformer is given to a slight turn to turn short circuit fault and so on. It has high sensitivity and reliability. In addition, because the trajectory of the admittance is simple in the admittance plane, the method of setting the protection algorithm is simple, and it is good for the protection calculation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM41;TM774.1

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本文編號(hào)：1900499