本文選題：超級(jí)電容器 + 炭微球　； 參考：《湘潭大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：超級(jí)電容器近些年的研究發(fā)展迅速,特別是在電極材料方面的探索十分熱門。碳材料理論上是一種相對(duì)較為理想的電極材料,它具有大比表面積,較良好的導(dǎo)電性,高比電容,且具有制備方法簡(jiǎn)單等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。碳材料中摻入氮元素是一種有效提升性能的方法,材料中的含氮官能團(tuán)可以大幅度提高材料本身的導(dǎo)電性、優(yōu)化孔徑結(jié)構(gòu)、改善表面潤(rùn)濕性;另外,含氮官能團(tuán)可以使電極材料產(chǎn)生贗電容行為,因此能夠提高電極材料的比電容。本論文以蔗糖和葡萄糖等廉價(jià)易得的材料做原料,通過(guò)一步水熱及燃燒的處理方法對(duì)原料進(jìn)行一定的改性,引入了含氮官能團(tuán)以及石墨烯,最后制得了具有應(yīng)用潛力的電極材料。1、本文采取改進(jìn)的Hummers法制備出了氧化石墨烯(GO),并經(jīng)過(guò)一系列測(cè)試方法對(duì)它的形貌和結(jié)構(gòu)做了表征。同時(shí)將其作為一種強(qiáng)導(dǎo)電成分摻入到了碳微球里面,從而提高了碳球的比電容。2、采用葡萄糖(Glucose)溶液做碳源,通過(guò)一步水熱反應(yīng)成功制備了摻氮碳微球。通過(guò)一系列表征發(fā)現(xiàn)在添加g-C_3N_4量子點(diǎn)之后,碳微球的直徑增大了15倍,且將吡啶(N-6)和吡咯/吡啶酮(N-5)形式的氮成功引入碳球。在此基礎(chǔ)上,本文主要研究了摻入石墨烯的碳球在各項(xiàng)特性上的改變以及石墨烯對(duì)碳球電化學(xué)性能方面的影響。通過(guò)對(duì)比,AC-3的電化學(xué)性能相對(duì)而言比較優(yōu)異,通過(guò)計(jì)算得到在2Ag~(-1),其比電容可達(dá)150Fg~(-1)。在摻入石墨烯后,碳微球的比電容相比只摻入g-C_3N_4量子點(diǎn)的AC-2提高了1.3倍,與單純葡萄糖溶液制得的碳微球AC~(-1)對(duì)比提高了8.6倍。交流阻抗測(cè)試(EIS)可以很好的證明摻入石墨烯后的碳微球電阻降低,從而表明石墨烯能夠增強(qiáng)碳微球的導(dǎo)電性。3、以三聚氰胺作為氮源,蔗糖(Sucrose)當(dāng)做碳源,NaHCO_3作發(fā)泡劑,通過(guò)一步燃燒合成法制備了泡沫碳,然后在惰性氣體中熱處理后成功制備了活性多孔碳(PC)。本論文主要研究了三聚氰胺和NaHCO_3對(duì)多孔碳電性能的影響,研究了不同熱處理溫度對(duì)多孔碳電化學(xué)性能的影響。經(jīng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)三聚氰胺主要為多孔碳引入了含氮官能團(tuán),NaHCO_3主要作為活化劑優(yōu)化了材料的孔徑分布。經(jīng)過(guò)一系列的表征得到多孔碳比表面積最高可達(dá)2084.9 m2g~(-1)。BET分析表明該材料是一種典型的微孔材料,里面有少量的介孔。電化學(xué)相關(guān)測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)表明該材料具備較好的循環(huán)可逆性,優(yōu)異的充放電效率以及導(dǎo)電性。在1A/g的電流密度下,PC-700的比電容可達(dá)185Fg~(-1)。
[Abstract]:Supercapacitors have developed rapidly in recent years, especially in electrode materials. Carbon material is a relatively ideal electrode material in theory, which has the advantages of large specific surface area, good conductivity, high specific capacitance and simple preparation method. The addition of nitrogen into carbon materials is an effective way to improve performance. The nitrogen-containing functional groups in the materials can greatly improve the conductivity of the materials themselves, optimize the pore structure and improve the surface wettability. The nitrogen-containing functional group can make the electrode material produce pseudo-capacitance behavior, so it can improve the specific capacitance of electrode material. In this paper, sucrose and glucose were used as raw materials, the raw materials were modified by one-step hydrothermal and combustion methods, and nitrogen-containing functional groups and graphene were introduced. Finally, the electrode material with potential application was prepared. In this paper, graphene oxide was prepared by improved Hummers method, and its morphology and structure were characterized by a series of test methods. At the same time, the carbon microspheres were doped into the carbon microspheres as a strong conductive component, thus increasing the specific capacitance of the carbon spheres. The nitrogen-doped carbon microspheres were successfully prepared by one step hydrothermal reaction using glucose Glucose solution as the carbon source. A series of characterization results show that the diameter of carbon microspheres increases by 15 times after the addition of g-C_3N_4 quantum dots, and nitrogen in the form of pyrrole N-6) and pyrrole / pyridinone N-5) is successfully introduced into the carbon spheres. On this basis, the changes of the properties of the carbon spheres doped with graphene and the effect of graphene on the electrochemical properties of the carbon spheres were studied. By comparing the electrochemical properties of AC-3, the calculated results show that the specific capacitance of AC-3 can reach 150 FG ~ (-1) ~ (-1). After the addition of graphene, the specific capacitance of carbon microspheres was 1.3 times higher than that of AC-2 with only g-C_3N_4 quantum dots, and 8.6 times higher than that of carbon microspheres prepared in glucose solution. Ac impedance test (EIS) showed that the resistance of carbon microspheres with graphene was decreased, which indicated that graphene could enhance the electrical conductivity of carbon microspheres. Melamine was used as nitrogen source, and sucrose Sucrosewas used as foaming agent for carbon source NaHCO3. The foam carbon was prepared by one step combustion synthesis method, and then the active porous carbon (PCO) was successfully prepared after heat treatment in inert gas. In this paper, the effects of melamine and NaHCO_3 on the electrochemical properties of porous carbon were studied, and the effects of different heat treatment temperature on the electrochemical properties of porous carbon were studied. It was found that melamine mainly introduced nitrogen-containing functional group NaHCOS3 into porous carbon to optimize the pore size distribution of the material as activator. The results of a series of characterization show that the maximum surface area of porous carbon is up to 2084.9 m2g~(-1).BET. The results show that the material is a typical microporous material with a small number of mesoporous materials. The electrochemical data show that the material has good cycle reversibility, excellent charge and discharge efficiency and electrical conductivity. At the current density of 1A/g, the specific capacitance of PC-700 can be up to 185Fg ~ (-1).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM53;O613.71

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