本文選題：微小電阻 + 信噪比��； 參考：《南昌航空大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,交通運(yùn)輸、工業(yè)生產(chǎn)以及基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)等越來越多地使用到金屬材料制作的裝備。工作在復(fù)雜酸性環(huán)境中的金屬材料容易受到腐蝕而受損,并帶來安全隱患。為了能夠避免安全事故,對這些設(shè)備的金屬材料進(jìn)行腐蝕情況實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測是很有必要的。監(jiān)控金屬材料腐蝕情況方法有很多,通過觀察電阻的變化反映金屬被腐蝕情況是材料學(xué)科的重要方法之一。而當(dāng)前傳統(tǒng)的微小電阻測量儀由于一般不具備網(wǎng)絡(luò)化功能而不太適合長期監(jiān)測基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施內(nèi)金屬材料的腐蝕情況。因此,研究一種精度高,穩(wěn)定度好且能夠快速準(zhǔn)確測量微小電阻測量的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化儀器具有重要的意義。本課題分析了微小電阻測量特點(diǎn)以及測量方法現(xiàn)狀,提出了采用低頻率恒流源的方法,通過數(shù)字互相關(guān)算法提取淹沒在噪聲中的有用信號的一套完整的系統(tǒng)方案并研制了微電阻測量系統(tǒng)。本文詳細(xì)論述了研究微小電阻測量系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)和整體開發(fā)過程,主要分為微電阻的測量理論與算法分析、測量系統(tǒng)硬件的設(shè)計(jì)、系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì)、系統(tǒng)的調(diào)試校準(zhǔn)和結(jié)果誤差分析。首先闡述微電阻的測量理論包括微電阻測量的噪聲、干擾來源以及測量信道的信噪比分析。針對微電阻的測量信噪比非常小的噪聲特性分析了目前常用的微小電阻的測量方法,結(jié)合本課題的設(shè)計(jì)要求與嵌入式系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的特點(diǎn)選用低頻率交流恒流測量法。詳細(xì)分析了低頻率恒流交流測量法的測量方案和測量過程,運(yùn)用數(shù)字互相關(guān)算法模型去除有用信號中的噪聲和干擾,并通過MATLAB仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)分析。系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì),包括硬件系統(tǒng)的整體設(shè)計(jì)、ARM微處理器最小系統(tǒng)及外圍電路的設(shè)計(jì)、高精度D/A交流信號產(chǎn)生電路的設(shè)計(jì)、壓控恒流源電路的設(shè)計(jì)、16位高精度A/D采集電路的設(shè)計(jì)和差分放大電路的設(shè)計(jì)、顯示電路的設(shè)計(jì)、通信電路的設(shè)計(jì)以及電源電路的設(shè)計(jì)。系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì),主要要包括軟件系統(tǒng)的整體設(shè)計(jì)、軟件的主程序設(shè)計(jì),負(fù)責(zé)各個(gè)任務(wù)的調(diào)度與協(xié)調(diào)各任務(wù)通信、產(chǎn)生10Hz交流信號的D/A轉(zhuǎn)換程序設(shè)計(jì)、A/D轉(zhuǎn)換采集程序的設(shè)計(jì)和算法程序的設(shè)計(jì)、觸摸屏與顯示程序的設(shè)計(jì)、檔位匹配程序的設(shè)計(jì)、通信程序的設(shè)計(jì)和軟件可靠性程序的設(shè)計(jì)。系統(tǒng)的調(diào)試包括硬件調(diào)試、軟件調(diào)試和整體系統(tǒng)聯(lián)合調(diào)試,詳細(xì)闡述了軟硬件調(diào)試過程和調(diào)試方法。提出了測試系統(tǒng)測量線性度,測量出其校準(zhǔn)因子的方式的校準(zhǔn)方法。最后,通過反復(fù)試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了硬件和軟件的正確性。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明本系統(tǒng)在各個(gè)量程檔位區(qū)間內(nèi)具有良好的線性度;各個(gè)量程檔都給出了實(shí)驗(yàn)測量結(jié)果及誤差分析,最小量程檔測量值數(shù)量級穩(wěn)定在微歐位,能實(shí)現(xiàn)微歐級電阻的測量。表明數(shù)字互相關(guān)算法在本課題微小電阻測量去除噪聲和干擾提高系統(tǒng)信噪比具有顯著效果,能夠精準(zhǔn)測量微歐級電阻。所設(shè)計(jì)的微小電阻測量系統(tǒng)達(dá)到了預(yù)期目標(biāo),為材料學(xué)科電阻法監(jiān)測金屬腐蝕情況準(zhǔn)確的測量分析奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economy, transportation, industrial production and infrastructure construction have been used more and more to the equipment made of metal materials. Metal materials working in complex acid environment are vulnerable to corrosion and bring safety hazards. In order to avoid safety accidents, the metal materials of these equipment are entered. There are many methods to monitor the corrosion of the metal. There are many methods to monitor the corrosion of metal materials. It is one of the most important methods to reflect the corrosion of metal by observing the change of resistance. The traditional micro resistance measuring instrument is not suitable for the long-term monitoring infrastructure because it does not have network function. Therefore, it is of great significance to study a network instrument with high accuracy, good stability and fast and accurate measurement of micro resistance. This topic analyses the characteristics of micro resistance measurement and the status of measurement methods, and puts forward a method of using low frequency constant current source, and proposes a digital cross correlation algorithm. In this paper, the design of the micro resistance measurement system and the whole development process are discussed in detail, which are mainly divided into the measurement theory and algorithm analysis of the micro resistance, the design of the hard parts of the measurement system, the software design of the system and the debugging of the system. The measurement theory of micro resistance, including the noise of the micro resistance measurement, the source of the interference and the signal to noise ratio analysis of the measurement channel, is first expounded. The measurement method of the current micro resistance is analyzed for the very small noise characteristics of the micro resistance measurement, and the design requirements of this subject are combined with the embedded system. The characteristics of the system are low frequency AC constant current measurement. The measurement and measurement process of low frequency constant current AC measurement method are analyzed in detail. The noise and interference in useful signals are removed by using digital cross correlation algorithm model and analyzed by MATLAB simulation experiment. The hardware design of the system, including the overall design of the hardware system, and the ARM micro The design of the minimum system and peripheral circuit of the processor, the design of high precision D/A AC signal generating circuit, the design of the voltage control constant current source circuit, the design of 16 bit high-precision A/D acquisition circuit, the design of the differential amplifier circuit, the design of the display circuit, the design of the communication circuit and the design of the electric source circuit. The software design of the system is mainly to package It includes the overall design of the software system, the main program design of the software, the dispatch and coordination of each task communication, the D/A conversion program design of the 10Hz communication signal, the design of the A/D conversion acquisition program and the design of the algorithm program, the design of the touch screen and the display program, the design of the file position matching program, the design of the communication program and the soft. The debugging of the system includes hardware debugging, software debugging and integrated debugging of the whole system. The debugging process and the debugging method of the hardware and software are elaborated in detail. The calibration method for measuring the linearity of the test system and measuring the calibration factor is put forward. Finally, the correctness of the hardware and software is verified by repeated tests. The experiment shows that the system has good linearity in the range of each range, and the measurement results and error analysis are given by each range gear. The magnitude of the minimum range profile is stable in the micro European position, and the micro European resistance can be measured. It shows that the digital cross correlation algorithm is used to remove the noise and the noise in the small resistance measurement of this subject. It has remarkable effect to improve the signal to noise ratio of the system, and it can accurately measure the micro European resistance. The designed micro resistance measurement system has achieved the expected goal, which lays a foundation for the accurate measurement and analysis of metal corrosion monitoring in the material subject resistance method.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌航空大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM934.1

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 孔令榮;王昊;莊濤;;高精度采集系統(tǒng)研究與實(shí)現(xiàn)[J];電子測量技術(shù);2014年09期

2 鄭爭兵;;基于FPGA的高速采樣緩存系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)[J];計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用;2012年11期

3 張明銳;黎娜;杜志超;徐而峰;陳潔;;基于小信號模型的微網(wǎng)控制參數(shù)選擇與穩(wěn)定性分析[J];中國電機(jī)工程學(xué)報(bào);2012年25期

4 謝維達(dá);周宇恒;寇若嵐;;一種改進(jìn)的快速歸一化互相關(guān)算法[J];同濟(jì)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2011年08期

5 張玉寶;曹會云;張濱;;基于單片機(jī)的數(shù)控恒流源的設(shè)計(jì)[J];電測與儀表;2011年06期

6 張明珠;李開成;李振興;易楊;;基于高精度采集卡的電子式互感器校驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)[J];電力系統(tǒng)保護(hù)與控制;2010年15期

7 楊媛如;徐熙平;;小電阻精密測量系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)[J];電子測量技術(shù);2010年04期

8 李春燕;;差分放大器驅(qū)動ADC的應(yīng)用[J];電子科技;2010年02期

9 史步海;彭均鍵;;基于PIC單片機(jī)高速采樣模塊設(shè)計(jì)[J];計(jì)算技術(shù)與自動化;2009年04期

10 楊崴;蔡建立;;高精度采集稱重主控儀表的設(shè)計(jì)[J];福建電腦;2009年11期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前9條

1 楊毓軍;一種高速DA轉(zhuǎn)換器電路的設(shè)計(jì)[D];電子科技大學(xué);2014年

2 許清琳;頻譜監(jiān)測中的微弱信號檢測與提取[D];西安電子科技大學(xué);2013年

3 鄧江海;基于LMS的微電阻測量儀設(shè)計(jì)[D];浙江大學(xué);2012年

4 潘忠榮;高精度直流微電阻測試儀的研究與開發(fā)[D];浙江大學(xué);2010年

5 郭昆亞;輸電線路桿塔接地電阻測量方法研究[D];華北電力大學(xué)（河北）;2008年

6 喬建良;智能光敏電阻檢測裝置研究與設(shè)計(jì)[D];南京理工大學(xué);2006年

7 高玉峰;一種基于電流倒向技術(shù)的四線制微弱電阻測量方法[D];上海海事大學(xué);2006年

8 楊穎;智能化微小電阻測試儀的研究[D];山東科技大學(xué);2004年

9 劉泥;高溫超導(dǎo)薄膜微波表面電阻的測量[D];電子科技大學(xué);2002年

，

本文編號：1865971