發(fā)布時間：2018-05-05 07:47

  本文選題：超級電容器 + 金屬玻璃　； 參考：《安徽工業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：與日常生活所使用的電池相比,電化學電容器(也被稱作超級電容器)因為其具有高的能量密度、快速充放電的能力、使用壽命長、循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性好已經(jīng)成為下一代具有潛力發(fā)展的儲能設備。贗電容超級電容器的電極材料主要是過渡族金屬氧化物組成,如RuO2、NiO、CoO、MnO2等。然而過渡族金屬氧化物的價帶與導帶的價隙比較窄,從而導致它們的導電性比較差。這是超級電容器存在的一個主要問題。本論文針對超級電容器這個問題,以提高材料的導電性為出發(fā)點,進行了電極材料的設計、合成、性能的研究。對電解液的濃度、去合金化的時間、去合金化前驅(qū)體的成分和狀態(tài)進行調(diào)控,完成了非晶合金作為超級電容器電極材料的系統(tǒng)研究。本論文介紹的以非晶合金作為前驅(qū)體的新型結(jié)構(gòu)材料有望在超級電容器上得到應用。本論文主要研究內(nèi)容如下:(1)非晶前驅(qū)體的去合金化工藝對電容性能的影響。通過對Al82Ni6Y6Co3Cu3金屬玻璃去合金化來制備多孔電極材料,并將此電極材料應用于超級電容器的研究。研究了去合金化時間和去合金化溶液(KOH溶液)的濃度兩個因素對制備出的電極的形貌結(jié)構(gòu)和電化學性能的影響。實驗結(jié)果表明:制備出的電極材料是孔洞尺寸大約為50 nm的三維連續(xù)多孔結(jié)構(gòu);去合金化時間對電極的電容性能有很大影響,隨去合金化時間的增大,比電容先增大后減小,在4 M KOH溶液里,50 min是最佳的去合金化時間;合金化溶液的濃度對電極的電容性能有很大影響,隨著濃度的增大度越大前驅(qū)體腐蝕的就更快,導致形成的納米多孔材料的孔壁更細,使材料的比表面積更大和活性點更多,導致比電容更大,且4 M KOH腐蝕50 min可以達到最大比電容1.22 F cm-2。(2)非晶前驅(qū)體成分對電容性能的影響。通過對Al85-xNi6Y6Co3CuX(x=1,3,5)三種成分的金屬玻璃進行去合金化的處理制備超級電容器電極材料,主要研究銅的摻雜含量對電極材料的電化學性能的影響。實驗結(jié)果表明:在相同的去合金化工藝下(室溫下,4 M KOH去合金化50 min),Al82Ni6Y6Co3Cu3在Al85-XNi6Y6Co3CuX(x=1,3,5)三種成分里電容性能最好,即合適的銅含量摻雜可以得到更好的電容性能;銅含量的摻雜可以改變電極材料的串聯(lián)等效電阻,使Al82Ni6Y6Co3Cu3在Al85-XNi6Y6Co3CuX(x=1,3,5)三種成分里的串聯(lián)等效電阻最小,從而使其具有最大的比電容值。(3)非晶前驅(qū)體的退火溫度對電容性能的影響。通過對Al82Ni6Y6Co3Cu3金屬玻璃在不同的退火溫度下保溫相同的時間進行去合金化的處理制備超級電容器電極材料,主要研究退火溫度對電極材料的電化學性能的影響。實驗結(jié)果表明:退火溫度越高制備的電極材料的多孔尺寸就越大;在421℃退火下制備的電極材料的比電容性能最好,面積比電容可以高達2.05 F cm-2。
[Abstract]:Electrochemical capacitors (also known as supercapacitors) because of their high energy density, ability to charge and discharge quickly, and long service life compared with batteries used in daily life. Good cycle stability has become the next generation of potential energy storage equipment. The electrode materials of pseudo-capacitor supercapacitors are mainly composed of transition group metal oxides such as Ruo _ 2O _ (2) NiO _ (2) CoO _ (2) MNO _ (2) and so on. However, the valence gap between the valence band and the conduction band of the transition metal oxides is relatively narrow, which leads to their poor conductivity. This is a major problem with supercapacitors. In order to improve the conductivity of supercapacitors, the design, synthesis and performance of electrode materials are studied in this paper. The concentration of electrolyte, the time of dealloying, the composition and state of the precursor of dealloying were regulated, and the system study of amorphous alloy as electrode material of supercapacitor was completed. In this paper, the new structure materials with amorphous alloy as precursor are expected to be used in supercapacitors. The main contents of this thesis are as follows: 1) the effect of the dealloying process of amorphous precursor on the capacitance performance. Porous electrode material was prepared by dealloying Al82Ni6Y6Co3Cu3 metallic glass and applied to supercapacitor. The effects of the time of dealloying and the concentration of dealloying solution (Koh) on the morphology and electrochemical properties of the prepared electrode were studied. The experimental results show that the electrode material prepared is a three-dimensional continuous porous structure with the pore size of about 50 nm, and the dealloying time has a great influence on the capacitance performance of the electrode, and with the increase of the dealloying time, the capacitance increases first and then decreases. In 4 M KOH solution, 50 min is the best time for dealloying, the concentration of alloying solution has a great influence on the capacitance performance of the electrode, and the precursor corrodes more quickly with the increase of the concentration. The resulting nano-porous materials have thinner pore walls, larger specific surface areas and more active points, resulting in larger specific capacitors. The maximum specific capacitance is 1.22F cm-2.2) the effect of the composition of amorphous precursor on the capacitance performance can be achieved by 50 min corrosion of 4m KOH. The electrode material of supercapacitor was prepared by dealloying three kinds of metallic glass (Al85-xNi6Y6Co3CuXX). The effect of doping content of copper on the electrochemical properties of electrode material was studied. The experimental results show that under the same dealloying process (4M KOH dealloying at room temperature for 50mins, Al82Ni6Y6Co3Cu3 in Al85-XNi6Y6Co3Cu3Cu3) has the best internal capacitance properties, that is, the better capacitive properties can be obtained with proper doping of copper. The doping of copper can change the series equivalent resistance of the electrode material and make the series equivalent resistance of Al82Ni6Y6Co3Cu3 in the three components of Al85-XNi6Y6Co3CuXTX _ 3) minimum, thus making it have the maximum specific capacitance value. 3) the effect of annealing temperature of the amorphous precursor on the capacitance performance. Supercapacitor electrode materials were prepared by dealloying Al82Ni6Y6Co3Cu3 metallic glasses at different annealing temperatures for the same time. The effect of annealing temperature on electrochemical properties of electrode materials was studied. The experimental results show that the porous size of the electrode materials prepared at higher annealing temperature is larger, and the specific capacitance of the electrode materials annealed at 421 鈩，

本文編號：1846819