本文選題：鈣鈦礦太陽能電池 + 電子傳輸層　； 參考：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：基于有機(jī)-無機(jī)復(fù)合鈣鈦礦材料的全新太陽能電池從2013年6月以來,引起了人們極大的關(guān)注,相關(guān)的研究工作被Science期刊評為2013年度國際十大科技進(jìn)展之一,鈣鈦礦光伏器件的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率(power conversion efficiency PCE)在不到六年的發(fā)展時間里從3.8%大幅度提升到22.1%,其潛力難以估量。提高鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率始終是光伏器件研究與開發(fā)中不變的主題。有機(jī)無機(jī)復(fù)合鈣鈦礦材料被證明是非常出色的光伏材料,目前主要通過優(yōu)化鈣鈦礦材料的結(jié)晶和形貌來提高鈣鈦礦太陽能電池效率。而對于電荷傳輸層,特別是p-i-n結(jié)構(gòu)中電子傳輸層的研究相對較少。在鈣鈦礦太陽能電池中,電子傳輸層與吸收層的電子選擇性接觸對光電轉(zhuǎn)化效率至關(guān)重要,在正置結(jié)構(gòu)器件中影響更大,電子傳輸層的介觀結(jié)構(gòu)直接影響到鈣鈦礦生長情況。并且,電子傳輸層的傳輸電子的特性對電池性能有著至關(guān)重要的影響,還有化學(xué)性質(zhì)及其界面也會影響到電池的穩(wěn)定性和壽命。我們通過在電子傳輸層PCBM中加入添加劑聚苯乙烯(PS)和1,8-二碘辛烷(DIO)來處理電子傳輸層,改善了電子傳輸層的形貌和膜層的質(zhì)量,達(dá)到了改善電荷傳輸特性的效果,提升了鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的效率。首先,我們制備了結(jié)構(gòu)為ITO/PEDTO:PSS/CH3NH3PbI3/PCBM/Al的鈣鈦礦太陽能電池,通過改變添加劑的濃度來研究添加劑1,8-二碘辛烷(DIO)對光伏器件性能的影響。當(dāng)單獨加入的添加劑DIO濃度為2%時,得到的效果最好,開路電壓提高到1.01 V,電流提高到16.32 mA·cm-2,效率提升為12.04%。DIO是最常見的添加劑,能很好地溶解PCBM,由于DIO的沸點為333 ℃,高于主體溶劑氯苯的沸點132℃,所以在PCBM結(jié)晶過程中揮發(fā)的緩慢,有利于提升PCBM的結(jié)晶質(zhì)量,形成質(zhì)量更高表面更平滑的膜層,進(jìn)而提高其電子傳輸性能.添加劑DIO的加入改善了電子傳輸層的形貌,有利于電荷的分離、傳輸和收集,因而很好地提升了光電轉(zhuǎn)化效率。聚苯乙烯(PS)常作為添加劑應(yīng)用于有機(jī)太陽能電池活性層中,來提升溶液粘度和增加膜層厚度,提升薄膜的均勻性,也有研究組報道使用PS作為添加劑加入到鈣鈦礦太陽能電池中的電子傳輸層PCBM中,得到了更光滑更平整的PCBM膜層,有效的抑制了電池界面處電荷復(fù)合,所以我們使用PS作為第二種添加劑,和DIO 一起作為雙添加劑處理電子傳輸層PCBM。雙添加劑PS和DIO處理電子傳輸層,可以集合兩者的優(yōu)點,起到更好的效果,通過在電子傳輸層PCBM中添加聚苯乙烯(PS)和1,8-二碘辛烷(DIO),使得鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率(PCE)從10.8%提升到了12.5%,優(yōu)于單添加劑處理的性能。本文研究表明,用成本較低的添加劑處理,可以改善電子傳輸層的形貌和膜層的質(zhì)量,達(dá)到了改善電荷傳輸特性的效果,提升了鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的效率,為提升鈣鈦礦太陽能電池性能提供了一條可行的路徑。
[Abstract]:Since June 2013, the new solar cells based on organic-inorganic composite perovskite materials have attracted great attention. The related research work has been rated as one of the top ten scientific and technological developments in the world in 2013 by Science periodicals. In less than six years, the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of perovskite photovoltaic devices has been greatly improved from 3.8% to 22.1%, and its potential is inestimable. Improving the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells is always the same topic in the research and development of photovoltaic devices. The organic-inorganic composite perovskite has been proved to be an excellent photovoltaic material. At present, the efficiency of perovskite solar cells can be improved by optimizing the crystallization and morphology of perovskite materials. However, there are few researches on charge transport layer, especially electron transport layer in p-i-n structure. In the perovskite solar cells, the electron selective contact between the electron transport layer and the absorption layer is very important to the photoelectric conversion efficiency, especially in the positive structure devices. The mesoscopic structure of the electron transport layer has a direct impact on the growth of perovskite. Moreover, the characteristics of the electron transport layer have an important effect on the performance of the battery, and the chemical properties and interface will also affect the stability and lifetime of the battery. We treat the electron transport layer by adding the additives polystyrene (PS) and diiodooctane (Dio) into the electron transport layer (PCBM). The morphology of the electron transport layer and the quality of the film layer are improved, and the effect of improving the charge transport characteristics is achieved. Improved the efficiency of perovskite solar cells. Firstly, we have prepared perovskite solar cells with ITO/PEDTO:PSS/CH3NH3PbI3/PCBM/Al structure. By changing the concentration of additives, we studied the effect of additive 1 / 8-diiodooctane (Dio) on the performance of photovoltaic devices. When the concentration of DIO added alone is 2, the effect is the best. The open circuit voltage is increased to 1.01 V, the current to 16.32 Ma cm-2, and the efficiency to 12.04%.DIO is the most common additive, which can dissolve the DIO very well, because the boiling point of DIO is 333 鈩，

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