發(fā)布時間：2018-05-04 07:12

  本文選題：超臨界 + 給水系統　； 參考：《華北電力大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：為了滿足不斷增長的電力需求,伴隨著能源和環(huán)保壓力的不斷增大,我國的火電機組建設向大容量、高參數的大型機組的發(fā)展轉變。20世紀80年代以來,我國開始引進亞臨界火電機組技術,雖在機組技術的消化、吸收、運用、改進方面取得一定的成績,并廣泛推廣300MW、600MW的亞臨界火電機組,使其成為我國火力發(fā)電廠的主力發(fā)電設備,但該機組仍然存在能耗高和污染環(huán)境這兩大突出缺點。這兩大缺點十分突出,成為制約我國電力工業(yè)發(fā)展的突出矛盾。因此,學習掌握國內、國外在本專業(yè)領域的先進技術,研究并制造超臨界、超超臨界火電機組,成為提高火電機組的熱效率,實現節(jié)能降耗和改善環(huán)保狀況的必由之路。作為調節(jié)鍋爐給水流量功能的鍋爐給水控制系統,是火力發(fā)電廠單元機組控制系統中較為重要的環(huán)節(jié)之一,該控制系統性能水平的高低直接影響機組能否安全、穩(wěn)定、經濟運行。近年來,隨著機組容量的不斷增大,來自鍋爐受熱面產生的熱負荷也隨之不斷提高,因而給水的系統對鍋爐負荷的影響不斷增加,系統動態(tài)特性變化幅度也隨之增加。然而鍋爐作為一種動態(tài)特性存有較大時變且內部存在較多非線性變量的特點,決定了當對其進行建模時,難以建立精確的模型,因而在控制方法的選擇上存在著諸多的困難,特別是利用傳統控制方法。首先,在對控制器進行參數整定時就要耗費大量的人力、時間成本;其次,因被控對象存在較大的時變性,有時系統表現為非線性,更有甚者控制設備會發(fā)生變化,為了適應上述特性,在給水控制過程中必須高頻地對控制器比較帶進行切換操作,但即使如此操作,采用常規(guī)控制方法的給水控制系統也難以實現理想的控制效果。因此,一種算法簡單、魯棒性強,同時能夠進對控制器的參數自整定的控制方法亟需被提出。本文在超臨界鍋爐給水控制對象中引入自適應PID控制器,作者在機組調試過程中,設計了自適應PID模型,并進行仿真實驗,應用到超臨界機組的調試中,進行了參數整定,投入自動。若使用傳統方法對經典PID控制器參數整定,其方法為首先獲取控制對象的數學模型,然后依照具體整定原則來確定PID參數。然而在實際工控領域中,被控過程原理復雜,不同于理論模型,實際存在高度非線性、時變不確定性和純滯后等等特點。因此在實際控制中,一種不僅不用依賴數學建模就能進行PID參數整定,并且能夠實時在線調整PID參數的方法成為可以滿足實時控制的新需求。自適應PID控制是解決這一問題的有效途徑。自適應PID控制顧名思義,同時整合了自適應控制和常規(guī)PID控制的優(yōu)點。首先,從自適應控制的角度來看,其優(yōu)點在于可以自動識別被控過程參數、自動整定控制器參數、自動適應被控過程參數的變化等;其次,從常規(guī)PID控制的角度來講,其優(yōu)點在于結構簡單、魯棒性好、可靠性強,且為工程調試人員所熟知。上述描敘的優(yōu)點,使得自適應PID控制成為工控領域令學者和工程師滿意的控制裝置,是該領域研究的熱點和發(fā)展方向。
[Abstract]:In order to meet the increasing demand for electricity, with the increasing pressure of energy and environmental protection, the construction of thermal power units in China has changed to large capacity and high parameters of large units. Since the 80s of.20 century, the technology of subcritical thermal power unit has been introduced in China. Although the technology has been digested, absorbed, applied and improved in the machine group technology, we have obtained one. As a result, the 300MW and 600MW subcritical thermal power units are widely popularized to make it the main power generation equipment of China's thermal power plants, but the unit still has two prominent shortcomings such as high energy consumption and pollution of the environment. These two shortcomings are very prominent and become the prominent contradiction that restricts the development of power industry in China. Therefore, learning to master the country, China It is the only way to improve the thermal efficiency of the thermal power unit, to save energy and reduce the consumption and to improve the environmental conditions. The boiler feed water control system, which is the function of regulating boiler feed water, is more important in the control system of the unit unit of the thermal power plant. The performance level of the control system directly affects the safety, stability and economic operation of the unit. In recent years, with the increase of the capacity of the unit, the heat load from the heating surface of the boiler is also increasing, so the influence of the system on the boiler load is increasing and the dynamic characteristics of the system are changed. However, as a dynamic characteristic of the boiler, there is a large time variation and a lot of nonlinear variables in the interior, which determines that it is difficult to establish a precise model when modeling it. So there are many difficulties in the selection of the control methods, especially the traditional control method. First, the controller is carried out. It takes a lot of manpower and time cost for the parameter timing. Secondly, because of the large time variability of the controlled object, sometimes the system is nonlinear and the control equipment will change. In order to adapt to the above characteristics, the switching operation must be carried out at high frequency to the controller comparison belt in the water supply control process, but even if such operation is done. The water supply control system with conventional control method is also difficult to achieve the ideal control effect. Therefore, an algorithm is simple and robust. At the same time, the control method that can enter the controller's parameter self-tuning is urgently needed. In this paper, an adaptive PID controller is introduced in the feed water control object of the supercritical boiler. The author is in the unit debugging process. The adaptive PID model is designed, and the simulation experiment is carried out. The parameter tuning is applied to the commissioning of the supercritical unit. If the traditional method is used to set the parameters of the classical PID controller, the method is first to obtain the mathematical model of the control object, and then to determine the PID parameters according to the specific setting principle. However, it is practical. In the field of industrial control, the principle of the controlled process is complex and different from the theoretical model. It has the characteristics of high nonlinearity, time-varying uncertainty and pure lag. Therefore, in actual control, a method not only does not rely on mathematical modeling to adjust the PID parameters, and the method of real-time on-line adjustment of PID parameters can satisfy the real-time control. The adaptive PID control is an effective way to solve this problem. Adaptive PID control has the advantages of self-adaptive control and conventional PID control. First, from the angle of adaptive control, the advantages of adaptive control are that the parameters of the controlled process can be automatically identified, the parameters of the controller are automatically adjusted, and the control is automatically adapted to the control. Secondly, from the point of view of conventional PID control, its advantages are simple structure, good robustness, strong reliability and well known to engineering debugger. The advantages of this description make adaptive PID control a satisfactory control device for scholars and engineers in the field of industrial control. It is a hot spot and development of the research in this field. Direction.

【學位授予單位】：華北電力大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM621;TP273

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本文編號：1842085