本文選題：光伏發(fā)電 + 電力網絡��； 參考：《西安建筑科技大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：光伏發(fā)電(Photovoltaics,PV)是一種清潔且環(huán)保的可再生能源發(fā)電,現(xiàn)今國內外電力系統(tǒng)常將其以分布式電源的形式并列接入到電網中。眾多學者也對此進行了深入的研究,特別是在光伏發(fā)電的數(shù)學模型和對電網輸出功率方面。隨著經濟和科學技術的不斷進步,光伏發(fā)電并入電力系統(tǒng)的模型已經相對穩(wěn)定,各行業(yè)建立了大量的光伏發(fā)電站以提升電力系統(tǒng)的調控和無功補償水平。但是光伏發(fā)電與傳統(tǒng)的火力發(fā)電相比,又具有一定的隨機性。這種隨機性與太陽能源受環(huán)境和氣候的強相關有關,為光伏發(fā)電并入電網帶來不穩(wěn)定性。為了解決這種并網難題,論文重點建立了具有光伏發(fā)電隨機性約束和無功補償特性的電力系統(tǒng)動態(tài)無功優(yōu)化模型。該模型的建立有效地調整了電力系統(tǒng)中無功潮流的分布,提高了網絡節(jié)點電壓,減少了系統(tǒng)的有功損耗。電力系統(tǒng)的無功調整方法有控制發(fā)電機端部的輸出電壓、調節(jié)有載調壓變壓器的檔位及調控電容器裝置的補償能力等作用。論文首先介紹了PV系統(tǒng)的類別和組成,研究了光伏發(fā)電并網的不穩(wěn)定性及無功輸出能力。選取了經典的遺傳算法,并去除了該算法收斂速度和尋求最優(yōu)解方面的不足之處。將動態(tài)無功優(yōu)化按照時間順序轉化為靜態(tài)無功優(yōu)化,用改進的遺傳算法搜索各時段靜態(tài)無功優(yōu)化的最優(yōu)解,即各時段無功補償裝置的動作次數(shù)及該時段的系統(tǒng)有功損耗。為了建立電力系統(tǒng)動態(tài)無功優(yōu)化模型,在論文得到的靜態(tài)模型最優(yōu)解中加入了電網負荷變動曲線下電容器裝置的投切損耗及光伏并網的輸出功率。為了限制無功補償裝置的投切數(shù)目和減少裝置因頻繁動作而帶來的設備損耗,采用動態(tài)規(guī)劃算法制作了電容器裝置的動作時間表,獲得1d內最低的系統(tǒng)有功消耗。論文以內蒙古地區(qū)含光伏發(fā)電的電網無功優(yōu)化為實證研究,應用MATLAB軟件用于驗證所建立的動態(tài)無功優(yōu)化模型,結果顯示此模型可以有效地降低網絡損耗,提高節(jié)點電壓,保證電壓合格,為含有光伏發(fā)電并網的電力系統(tǒng)無功優(yōu)化提供了理論依據(jù),對內蒙古電網光伏發(fā)電的無功優(yōu)化具有一定的實踐價值。
[Abstract]:Photovoltaic power generation (PV) is a kind of clean and environmentally friendly renewable energy generation. Nowadays, power systems at home and abroad often connect it to the power grid in the form of distributed power generation. Many scholars have also carried on the thorough research, especially in the photovoltaic generation mathematical model and the power output to the grid. With the development of economy and science and technology, the model of photovoltaic power generation integrated into power system has been relatively stable. A large number of photovoltaic power stations have been established in various industries to improve the power system regulation and reactive power compensation level. However, compared with traditional thermal power generation, photovoltaic power generation has a certain randomness. This randomness is related to the strong correlation between solar energy and the environment and climate, which brings instability for photovoltaic power generation to be incorporated into the grid. In order to solve this problem, the dynamic reactive power optimization model of power system with stochastic constraints and reactive power compensation characteristics of photovoltaic power generation is established in this paper. The establishment of the model effectively adjusts the distribution of reactive power flow in the power system, improves the network node voltage, and reduces the active power loss of the system. The reactive power adjustment method of power system has the functions of controlling the output voltage at the end of the generator regulating the gear of the on-load regulating transformer and regulating the compensation ability of the capacitor device. In this paper, the types and components of PV system are introduced, and the instability and reactive power output ability of photovoltaic power generation are studied. The classical genetic algorithm is selected, and the shortcomings of the algorithm in convergence speed and optimal solution are removed. The dynamic reactive power optimization is transformed into the static reactive power optimization according to the time sequence. The improved genetic algorithm is used to search the optimal solution of the static reactive power optimization in each period, that is, the action times of the reactive power compensator in each period and the active power loss of the system in that period. In order to establish the dynamic reactive power optimization model of power system, the switching loss of capacitor device and the output power of photovoltaic grid are added to the optimal solution of static model obtained in this paper. In order to limit the switching number of reactive power compensator and reduce the device loss caused by frequent operation, a dynamic programming algorithm is used to make the operation schedule of capacitor device, and the lowest active power consumption in one day is obtained. Based on the research of reactive power optimization in Inner Mongolia area, the MATLAB software is used to verify the dynamic reactive power optimization model. The results show that the model can effectively reduce the network loss and improve the node voltage. It provides a theoretical basis for the reactive power optimization of the power system with photovoltaic grid connection, and has certain practical value for the reactive power optimization of photovoltaic power generation in Inner Mongolia Power Grid.
【學位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM714.3

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