本文選題：衛(wèi)星磁測 + 氦光泵磁力儀��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：地磁場具有重要的應(yīng)用和研究價值,獲得地磁場數(shù)據(jù)從而建立地磁場模型是應(yīng)用地磁場的基礎(chǔ)。與地面磁測、海洋磁測和航空磁測相比,衛(wèi)星磁測具有測量范圍廣、測量數(shù)據(jù)均勻,單次全球測量周期短等許多優(yōu)點(diǎn),是獲取全球磁場數(shù)據(jù)更有效的方式。氦光泵磁力儀與磁通門磁力儀是主要的衛(wèi)星磁測儀器,磁通門磁力儀測量磁場的矢量信息,氦光泵磁力儀主要負(fù)責(zé)測量磁場的標(biāo)量信息并定期校準(zhǔn)磁通門磁力儀。最新的磁測衛(wèi)星Swarm上搭載的氦光泵磁力儀不僅實現(xiàn)了磁場的標(biāo)量測量還實現(xiàn)了對磁場的矢量測量,這是一個突破性的進(jìn)展,將降低新一代磁測衛(wèi)星設(shè)計的復(fù)雜度,進(jìn)一步提高衛(wèi)星測量磁場數(shù)據(jù)的準(zhǔn)確性,為多方面的研究工作帶來重要的改進(jìn)。本文以星載氦光泵磁力儀的最新技術(shù)進(jìn)展為參照,重點(diǎn)研究光泵磁力儀實現(xiàn)矢量測量技術(shù)的原理、仿真和實驗,并對影響光泵磁力儀矢量測量精度的因素進(jìn)行分析。矢量測量技術(shù)對光泵磁力儀的響應(yīng)速度和采樣率有很高的要求,為了進(jìn)一步提升光泵磁力儀的性能,提高矢量測量結(jié)果的精度,通過對影響響應(yīng)速度和采樣率的主要因素進(jìn)行分析,重點(diǎn)改進(jìn)了數(shù)字相敏檢測器(Digital Phase Sensitive Detector,DPSD)的實現(xiàn)算法�，F(xiàn)將主要的研究內(nèi)容歸納如下:(1)以光泵磁力儀實現(xiàn)的基本原理為基礎(chǔ),簡要敘述檢測系統(tǒng)的實現(xiàn)方法。矢量測量技術(shù)以矢量運(yùn)算為理論基礎(chǔ),通過加入微小交變磁場改變總場信號的頻率成分,通過傅里葉變換進(jìn)行頻譜分析,然后計算地磁場的分量。(2)根據(jù)光泵磁力儀矢量測量技術(shù)的理論分析,首先進(jìn)行理論仿真計算,計算結(jié)果與理論分析一致,證明了理論分析的正確性。然后進(jìn)行物理仿真,在仿真亥姆霍茲線圈和背景磁場的基礎(chǔ)上,研究影響矢量精度的因素,為后期實驗的設(shè)計提供指導(dǎo)。(3)運(yùn)用3D打印技術(shù)制作雙軸亥姆霍茲線圈,通過3D技術(shù)的使用,保證了制作線圈幾何尺寸的精度,提高了亥姆霍茲線圈產(chǎn)生磁場的精度,并且在屏蔽室進(jìn)一步對亥姆霍茲線圈的性能參數(shù)進(jìn)行確定。(4)在分析影響光泵磁力儀響應(yīng)速度的因素上,以數(shù)字相敏檢測器為突破口,重點(diǎn)分析了乘法器和低通濾波器算法的高效實現(xiàn)。對實現(xiàn)乘法器的CORDIC算法使用流水線結(jié)構(gòu)實現(xiàn),對實現(xiàn)CIC濾波器和FIR濾波器的算法進(jìn)行了重新設(shè)計。(5)通過實驗測量,對矢量技術(shù)進(jìn)行驗證。主要包括確定線圈的性能參數(shù),選擇穩(wěn)定的磁場環(huán)境進(jìn)行測試實驗。最后經(jīng)過對結(jié)果的計算分析,雖然有0.9%左右誤差,但是仍然可以證明整個設(shè)計過程是合理有效的。
[Abstract]:Geomagnetic field has important application and research value. It is the foundation of geomagnetic application to obtain geomagnetic data and establish geomagnetic field model. Compared with ground magnetic measurement, marine magnetic measurement and aeromagnetic measurement, satellite magnetic measurement has many advantages, such as wide measurement range, uniform measurement data, short global measurement period and so on. It is a more effective way to obtain global magnetic field data. Helium optical pump magnetometer and fluxgate magnetometer are the main satellite magnetometer. The flux gate magnetometer measures the vector information of the magnetic field. The helium optical pump magnetometer is mainly responsible for measuring the scalar information of the magnetic field and calibrating the flux gate magnetometer regularly. The helium light pump magnetometer on the latest magnetic measurement satellite Swarm not only realizes the scalar measurement of magnetic field but also the vector measurement of magnetic field. This is a breakthrough and will reduce the complexity of the design of the new generation of magnetic measurement satellite. Further improving the accuracy of satellite magnetic field data will bring important improvement to many aspects of research work. In this paper, the principle, simulation and experiment of vector measurement of optical pump magnetometer are studied with reference to the latest technical progress of spaceborne helium optical pump magnetometer, and the factors that affect the accuracy of vector measurement of optical pump magnetometer are analyzed. In order to improve the performance of the optical pump magnetometer and improve the accuracy of the vector measurement, the vector measurement technology has high requirements for the response speed and sampling rate of the optical pump magnetometer. Based on the analysis of the main factors affecting the response speed and sampling rate, the algorithm of digital Phase Sensitive detector DPSD is improved. In this paper, the main research contents are summarized as follows: (1) based on the basic principle of optical pump magnetometer, the realization method of the detection system is briefly described. Based on the theory of vector operation, the vector measurement technology changes the frequency component of the total field signal by adding a small alternating magnetic field, and analyzes the frequency spectrum by Fourier transform. Then the component of geomagnetic field is calculated. (2) according to the theoretical analysis of the vector measurement technology of optical pump magnetometer, the theoretical simulation is carried out, and the calculated results are in agreement with the theoretical analysis, which proves the correctness of the theoretical analysis. Based on the simulation of Helmholtz coil and background magnetic field, the factors affecting vector accuracy are studied to provide guidance for the later experiment design. (3) using 3D printing technology to fabricate the biaxial Helmholtz coil. Through the use of 3D technology, the precision of the geometric dimension of the coil is guaranteed, and the accuracy of the magnetic field generated by the Helmholtz coil is improved. Furthermore, in the shielding room, the performance parameters of Helmholtz coil are determined. 4) in the analysis of the factors that affect the response speed of the optically pumped magnetometer, the digital phase sensitive detector is used as the breakthrough point. The efficient implementation of multiplier and low pass filter algorithm is analyzed. The CORDIC algorithm of multiplier is implemented with pipeline structure. The algorithm of realizing CIC filter and FIR filter is redesigned. It mainly includes determining the performance parameters of the coil and selecting a stable magnetic field environment for testing. Finally, through the calculation and analysis of the results, although there is about 0.9% error, it can still be proved that the whole design process is reasonable and effective.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM936

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