本文選題：太陽(yáng)能 + 光伏電池��； 參考：《南京師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展導(dǎo)致全球能源逐漸緊張,環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題日益嚴(yán)重。清潔可再生的太陽(yáng)能作為一種新型的綠色能源,以其取之不盡,用之不竭的諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn),逐漸受到人們的關(guān)注。目前,光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)所面臨的主要問(wèn)題是太陽(yáng)能電池的輸出具有強(qiáng)烈的非線性,并且光轉(zhuǎn)換效率低。因此,通過(guò)在光伏電池和負(fù)載間加入最大功率跟蹤控制器,可達(dá)到提高太陽(yáng)能利用效率的目的。本文的研究對(duì)象為太陽(yáng)能光伏電池的最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤問(wèn)題,主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:1、介紹了太陽(yáng)能電池的發(fā)電原理及工作特性,并在光伏電池等效電路的基礎(chǔ)上研究了其工程模型;利用MATLAB/Simulink仿真軟件搭建了光伏電池的數(shù)學(xué)模型,運(yùn)行仿真得到了光伏電池的輸出特性曲線,通過(guò)特性曲線對(duì)光伏電池最大功率點(diǎn)在不同環(huán)境時(shí)的變化進(jìn)行總結(jié);2、對(duì)光伏電池最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤技術(shù)的原理進(jìn)行了重點(diǎn)分析,通過(guò)對(duì)現(xiàn)有常見的最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤方法,諸如恒定電壓法、電導(dǎo)增量法及擾動(dòng)觀察法等多種控制方式的研究,得出它們的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn);針對(duì)其缺點(diǎn),給出了一種基于PID控制的最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤策略,并設(shè)計(jì)了 PID控制模塊;3、概述了模糊控制的特點(diǎn)和基本原理,并詳細(xì)介紹了模糊控制器的設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程,提出了一種基于模糊控制的光伏發(fā)電最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤方法,利用MATLAB仿真軟件中的模糊邏輯工具箱,搭建了光伏系統(tǒng)模糊控制器仿真模型;4、針對(duì)模糊控制法存在跟蹤MPP不穩(wěn)定的缺點(diǎn),將模糊控制與PID控制結(jié)合,設(shè)計(jì)了模糊PID控制器,運(yùn)行仿真得出了模糊PID控制下光伏電池的輸出功率曲線,比較分析了擾動(dòng)觀察法、傳統(tǒng)模糊控制法和模糊PID控制法下MPP的跟蹤性能。仿真結(jié)果表明:當(dāng)外界條件突變時(shí),擾動(dòng)觀察法由于計(jì)算量比較大,導(dǎo)致跟蹤速度較慢,且跟蹤穩(wěn)定性較差;從傳統(tǒng)模糊控制的仿真結(jié)果可以看出,雖然最大功率點(diǎn)的跟蹤速度有了一定改善,但是防止系統(tǒng)振蕩的能力欠佳;而基于模糊PID控制的方法在外界條件變化時(shí),能夠快速實(shí)現(xiàn)最大功率點(diǎn)的跟蹤,并且跟蹤性能穩(wěn)定,基本滿足工程實(shí)踐的需求。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the rapid development of economy has led to the global energy gradually tense, environmental pollution problem is becoming more and more serious. As a new type of green energy, clean and renewable solar energy has been paid more and more attention with its inexhaustible advantages. At present, the main problem of photovoltaic power generation system is that the output of solar cells is strongly nonlinear, and the optical conversion efficiency is low. Therefore, the solar energy efficiency can be improved by adding the maximum power tracking controller between the photovoltaic cell and the load. The research object of this paper is the maximum power point tracking problem of solar photovoltaic cells. The main research contents are as follows: 1. The principle and working characteristics of solar cells are introduced, and the engineering model is studied on the basis of the equivalent circuit of photovoltaic cells. The mathematical model of photovoltaic cell is built by using MATLAB/Simulink simulation software, and the output characteristic curve of photovoltaic cell is obtained by running simulation. The change of maximum power point of photovoltaic cell in different environment is summarized by characteristic curve, and the principle of maximum power point tracking technology is analyzed emphatically, and the common methods of maximum power point tracking are analyzed. Several control methods, such as constant voltage method, conductance increment method and disturbance observation method, are studied, their advantages and disadvantages are obtained, and a maximum power point tracking strategy based on PID control is presented. The PID control module is designed, the characteristics and basic principle of fuzzy control are summarized, the design process of fuzzy controller is introduced in detail, and a method of maximum power point tracking for photovoltaic power generation based on fuzzy control is proposed. Using the fuzzy logic toolbox of MATLAB simulation software, the simulation model of fuzzy controller for photovoltaic system is built. Aiming at the disadvantage of tracking MPP instability in fuzzy control method, a fuzzy PID controller is designed by combining fuzzy control with PID control. The output power curve of photovoltaic cell under fuzzy PID control is obtained by running simulation, and the tracking performance of MPP under disturbance observation method, traditional fuzzy control method and fuzzy PID control method is compared and analyzed. The simulation results show that when the external conditions are abrupt, the tracking speed is slow and the tracking stability is poor due to the large amount of calculation, and the simulation results of the traditional fuzzy control show that, Although the tracking speed of the maximum power point has been improved to some extent, the ability to prevent the system from oscillating is poor, and the method based on fuzzy PID control can quickly realize the tracking of the maximum power point when the external conditions change, and the tracking performance is stable. Basically meet the needs of engineering practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM615

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本文編號(hào)：1812020