本文選題：微電網(wǎng) + 互聯(lián)��； 參考：《華北電力大學(xué)(北京)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著全球性節(jié)能減排的呼聲不斷增加,越來越多的國家認(rèn)識到可再生能源替代化石能源的必要性與緊迫性。微電網(wǎng)憑借其可合理整合可再生能源、發(fā)電方式靈活、可脫離電網(wǎng)獨(dú)立運(yùn)行、具備儲能系統(tǒng)、分布式發(fā)電線路損耗小等優(yōu)點(diǎn)得到了空前的發(fā)展。隨著微電網(wǎng)的不斷增多,其互聯(lián)運(yùn)行的優(yōu)點(diǎn)逐漸凸顯,不論是通過電力互用實(shí)現(xiàn)時空資源互補(bǔ),還是提升互聯(lián)系統(tǒng)整體運(yùn)行的暫、穩(wěn)態(tài)穩(wěn)定性,抑或在配電網(wǎng)故障時通過互聯(lián)擴(kuò)大供電范圍進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)配電網(wǎng)的黑啟動,都體現(xiàn)了微電網(wǎng)互聯(lián)運(yùn)行的迫切需求。但是,微電網(wǎng)不能直接互聯(lián)而不加以管控,因?yàn)榛ヂ?lián)后電源功率分配系數(shù)可能不匹配而造成全網(wǎng)發(fā)電成本反而升高,得不償失；此外,兩微電網(wǎng)中電源的綜合協(xié)調(diào)控制也面臨新的挑戰(zhàn)。因此,應(yīng)通過合理的方式和管理、控制策略將微電網(wǎng)進(jìn)行互聯(lián)運(yùn)行。本文從優(yōu)化調(diào)度和實(shí)時控制兩個層面,提出了微電網(wǎng)互聯(lián)的運(yùn)行控制方法,降低系統(tǒng)總體發(fā)電成本,提高運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定性。在優(yōu)化調(diào)度層面,基于超短期的風(fēng)光功率及負(fù)荷預(yù)測結(jié)果,以全系統(tǒng)發(fā)電成本最低為目標(biāo),提出了考慮資源時空互補(bǔ)特性的互聯(lián)微電網(wǎng)優(yōu)化調(diào)度方法。針對儲能電池充放電循環(huán)的不完整性問題,提出了適用于分析短時間段內(nèi)儲能電池等效損耗的發(fā)電成本模型。在實(shí)時協(xié)調(diào)控制層面,針對風(fēng)、光功率的間歇性以及負(fù)荷投切的隨機(jī)性而引起的系統(tǒng)功率波動問題,提出了基于動態(tài)下垂控制的聯(lián)絡(luò)線定功率控制方法,以聯(lián)絡(luò)線功率波動量作為微電網(wǎng)的總控制參考偏差,并基于等發(fā)電成本微增率分配這一偏差,得到各可控電源的功率修正量；進(jìn)而采用動態(tài)下垂控制實(shí)現(xiàn)輸出功率的實(shí)時修正,在保證聯(lián)絡(luò)線功率恒定的基礎(chǔ)上,使功率波動量得到經(jīng)濟(jì)合理分配。算例構(gòu)建了基于MATLAB的典型兩微電網(wǎng)互聯(lián)的優(yōu)化調(diào)度模型和基于PSCAD/EMTDC的元件級兩微電網(wǎng)互聯(lián)系統(tǒng)仿真模型,并分別進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化調(diào)度計算、可控電源功率修正量計算、實(shí)時運(yùn)行控制仿真的算例驗(yàn)證,驗(yàn)證了所提優(yōu)化調(diào)度方法在促進(jìn)互聯(lián)微電網(wǎng)資源互補(bǔ)、降低運(yùn)行成本方面的作用,實(shí)時仿真結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了動態(tài)下垂控制策略可有效實(shí)現(xiàn)聯(lián)絡(luò)線定功率控制。
[Abstract]:With the increasing demand of global energy saving and emission reduction, more and more countries realize the necessity and urgency of replacing fossil energy with renewable energy. Microgrid has been developed with the advantages of reasonable integration of renewable energy, flexible generation mode, independent operation without grid, energy storage system and low loss of distributed generation lines. With the increasing of microgrid, its advantages of interconnected operation become more and more obvious, whether it is to realize the complementarity of space-time resources through the mutual use of electric power, or to enhance the transient and steady stability of the whole operation of interconnected system. Or in the distribution network fault through the interconnection to expand the scope of power supply to achieve the black start of the distribution network, both reflect the urgent need of micro-grid interconnection operation. However, microgrids cannot be directly interconnected and not regulated, as the power distribution factor may not match after interconnection, resulting in higher generation costs for the entire network than the loss; in addition, The integrated coordinated control of power supply in two microgrid also faces new challenges. Therefore, microgrid should be interconnected by reasonable management and control strategy. In this paper, from the two aspects of optimal dispatching and real-time control, the operation control method of microgrid interconnection is proposed, which can reduce the total generation cost of the system and improve the operation stability. At the level of optimal dispatching, based on the results of ultra-short-term wind power and load forecasting, the optimal dispatching method of interconnected microgrid considering the space-time complementarity of resources is proposed, aiming at the lowest generation cost of the whole system. In order to solve the problem of incomplete charge / discharge cycle of energy storage cells, a generation cost model is proposed to analyze the equivalent losses of energy storage cells in a short period of time. In the aspect of real-time coordinated control, a tie-line fixed power control method based on dynamic droop control is proposed to solve the power fluctuation problem caused by the intermittent wind, optical power and randomness of load switching. The tie-line power fluctuation is used as the total control reference deviation of microgrid, and based on the deviation of equal generation cost, the power correction of each controllable power supply is obtained, and the real-time correction of output power is realized by dynamic droop control. On the basis of keeping the tie-line power constant, the power fluctuation can be allocated economically and reasonably. The optimal dispatching model of typical two-microgrid interconnection based on MATLAB and the simulation model of component-level two-microgrid interconnection system based on PSCAD/EMTDC are constructed, and the optimal dispatching calculation and power correction calculation of controllable power supply are carried out respectively. An example of real-time operation control simulation is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed optimal scheduling method in promoting the complementarity of interconnected microgrid resources and reducing the operation cost. The real-time simulation results show that the dynamic droop control strategy can effectively realize the tie-line constant power control.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TM73

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