發(fā)布時間：2018-04-24 19:06

  本文選題：四橋臂有源電力濾波器 + 開路故障診斷　； 參考：《中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著各種電力電子設(shè)備在生產(chǎn)生活各領(lǐng)域的廣泛使用,三相四線制配電網(wǎng)中諧波電流與三相不平衡等電能質(zhì)量問題日漸嚴(yán)重,有源電力濾波器(APF)已成為配電網(wǎng)中諧波治理的重要手段。APF主電路中IGBT發(fā)生故障后會影響諧波治理效果,嚴(yán)重時還會對APF設(shè)備與配電網(wǎng)帶來次生危害。為提高APF設(shè)備的可靠性與安全性,本文以兩電平四橋臂APF為研究對象,介紹其諧波檢測與電流跟蹤控制方法,并著重對其IGBT開路故障診斷方法與故障后相應(yīng)的容錯控制策略進行研究。首先,在abc坐標(biāo)系與αβγ坐標(biāo)系下建立四橋臂APF的數(shù)學(xué)模型,介紹了基于準(zhǔn)VPI控制器的電流跟蹤策略,為后文中故障診斷方法的研究提供基礎(chǔ)。接下來,給出一種基于正弦幅值積分器(SAI)的改進dq諧波檢測方法。該方法采用基于SAI的正序分量提取環(huán)節(jié)與多通道解耦濾波的結(jié)構(gòu)增強了dq檢測方法對畸變電網(wǎng)條件的適應(yīng)能力,同時引入滑窗積分濾波器濾除電網(wǎng)電壓中直流分量,并引入了反饋歸一化鎖頻環(huán)消除頻率波動的影響。仿真驗證了此改進dq檢測方法的有效性。其次,給出一種基于參考電壓的IGBT開路故障診斷方法。找出不同位置IGBT開路后參考電壓在各軸直流分量的變化規(guī)律,以參考電壓在各軸直流分量的變化率為診斷變量,將中性線補償電流作為N相橋臂的輔助診斷變量,實現(xiàn)了對四個橋臂所有IGBT開路故障的診斷與定位,且無需外加傳感器。通過仿真模擬多種典型開路故障,驗證了該算法適用于單管與多管開路故障的診斷,并且不受負(fù)載突變的影響。再次,給出變流器輸出電壓與參考電壓相結(jié)合的IGBT開路故障診斷方法。該方法通過變流器輸出電壓與參考電壓之間的符號關(guān)系對故障IGBT進行診斷與定位,并同樣使用中性線補償電流輔助N相橋臂的診斷。此方法通過APF的離散數(shù)學(xué)模型根據(jù)電流采樣值對變流器輸出電壓進行計算,無需外加傳感器,并且無需設(shè)置診斷閾值,具有更高的可靠性。在多種典型故障下的仿真分析,驗證了算法對于單管與多管故障的有效性以及對不同工況的適應(yīng)性。最后,設(shè)計了針對兩電平四橋臂APF的容錯拓?fù)浼捌湔{(diào)制與控制方法。采用被動隔離技術(shù)與開關(guān)冗余結(jié)構(gòu)實現(xiàn)了單相橋臂故障的隔離與容錯。給出適用于不對稱容錯拓?fù)涞?D-SVPWM調(diào)制算法,研究了容錯拓?fù)渲绷鱾?cè)穩(wěn)壓與均壓控制的方法,并對控制器參數(shù)進行設(shè)計。仿真證明APF運行于不對稱容錯拓?fù)湎聲r仍然有較好的諧波治理效果,直流側(cè)穩(wěn)壓與均壓控制器能夠保持直流側(cè)電壓的總體穩(wěn)定與上下電容電壓的平衡。
[Abstract]:With the wide use of various power electronic devices in various fields of production and life, the power quality problems such as harmonic current and three-phase imbalance in three-phase four-wire distribution network are becoming more and more serious. APF (active Power filter) has become an important means of harmonic control in distribution network. The failure of IGBT in the main circuit of APF will affect the effect of harmonic treatment and bring secondary harm to APF equipment and distribution network. In order to improve the reliability and safety of APF equipment, this paper takes two-level four-arm APF as the research object, and introduces its harmonic detection and current tracking control method. The open circuit fault diagnosis method of IGBT and the corresponding fault-tolerant control strategy after fault are studied. Firstly, the mathematical model of four-arm APF is established in abc coordinate system and 偽 尾 緯 coordinate system, and the current tracking strategy based on quasi VPI controller is introduced, which provides the basis for the research of fault diagnosis method in the future. Then, an improved dq harmonic detection method based on sinusoidal integrator is presented. In this method, the structure of positive sequence component extraction based on SAI and multi-channel decoupling filter is used to enhance the adaptability of dq detection method to distorted power network conditions, and the sliding window integral filter is introduced to filter DC component in power grid voltage. The feedback normalized frequency locking loop is introduced to eliminate the influence of frequency fluctuation. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the improved dq detection method. Secondly, an open circuit fault diagnosis method for IGBT based on reference voltage is presented. To find out the variation rule of the reference voltage in the DC component of each axis after the IGBT open circuit at different positions, taking the change rate of the reference voltage in the DC component of each axis as the diagnostic variable, and taking the compensation current of the neutral line as the auxiliary diagnostic variable of the N-phase bridge arm. The diagnosis and location of all open circuit faults of IGBT with four arms are realized, and no additional sensors are needed. By simulating several typical open circuit faults, it is proved that the algorithm is suitable for the diagnosis of single and multiple open circuit faults, and is not affected by the sudden change of load. Thirdly, the open circuit fault diagnosis method of IGBT combined with output voltage and reference voltage is presented. The fault IGBT is diagnosed and located by the symbolic relation between the output voltage and the reference voltage of the converter, and the neutral line compensation current is also used to assist the diagnosis of the N-phase bridge arm. This method is based on the discrete mathematical model of APF to calculate the output voltage of the converter according to the current sampling value. The method does not require additional sensors and requires no setting of diagnostic threshold, so it has higher reliability. The simulation results show that the algorithm is effective for single-tube and multi-tube faults and adaptive to different working conditions. Finally, the fault-tolerant topology and modulation and control methods for two-level four-arm APF are designed. The passive isolation technique and the switch redundancy structure are used to realize the fault isolation and fault tolerance of the single phase bridge arm. The 3D-SVPWM modulation algorithm suitable for asymmetric fault-tolerant topology is presented. The methods of voltage stabilization and voltage sharing control on DC side of fault-tolerant topology are studied and the controller parameters are designed. Simulation results show that APF still has a good harmonic control effect when it runs under asymmetric fault-tolerant topology. The DC side voltage stabilizer and voltage sharing controller can maintain the overall stability of DC side voltage and the balance of upper and lower capacitance voltage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM761

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