本文選題：電池建模　切入點(diǎn)：荷電狀態(tài)觀測(cè)　出處：《中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),新能源汽車得到了迅猛發(fā)展,磷酸鐵鋰電池以其優(yōu)異的特性成為新能源汽車的首選動(dòng)力源。為了提高復(fù)雜工況下新能源汽車的續(xù)航里程及載荷安全性能,研究磷酸鐵鋰電池的狀態(tài)觀測(cè)及可靠的管理系統(tǒng)已成為促進(jìn)新能源汽車發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵,具有重要意義。本課題以磷酸鐵鋰電池管理系統(tǒng)為研究中心,對(duì)電池的狀態(tài)觀測(cè)及管理控制兩個(gè)方面的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)進(jìn)行了深入的研究。本文首先介紹了課題的選題背景及意義,綜述了與課題研究相關(guān)的國(guó)內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀,給出了課題研究的主要內(nèi)容及安排。分析了磷酸鐵鋰電池的運(yùn)行機(jī)理,指出影響電池建模準(zhǔn)確性的因素;基于電化學(xué)思想推導(dǎo)了一種通用非線性等效電氣電路模型,揭示了極化及擴(kuò)散現(xiàn)象的本質(zhì)表現(xiàn);同時(shí),對(duì)現(xiàn)有數(shù)學(xué)模型進(jìn)行了改進(jìn),提出了一種考慮庫(kù)倫效率、溫度、劣化、松弛效應(yīng)、遲滯效應(yīng)等影響因素在內(nèi)的優(yōu)化的數(shù)學(xué)模型,為電池荷電狀態(tài)精確觀測(cè)打下基礎(chǔ)。為了降低傳統(tǒng)擴(kuò)展卡爾曼濾波算法的計(jì)算復(fù)雜度,提高算法穩(wěn)定性,提出一種基于最優(yōu)高斯近似卡爾曼濾波器的自適應(yīng)Sigma卡爾曼濾波荷電狀態(tài)觀測(cè)算法,引入狀態(tài)估計(jì)誤差的協(xié)方差的平方根,提高了狀態(tài)協(xié)方差的半正定性,構(gòu)建了Sigma采樣序列,基于迭代型最小均方誤差估測(cè)對(duì)狀態(tài)估計(jì)及觀測(cè)估計(jì)進(jìn)行更新,實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)電池荷電狀態(tài)的精確估計(jì)。針對(duì)磷酸鐵鋰電池的劣化及其剩余壽命預(yù)測(cè)展開(kāi)研究,設(shè)計(jì)了電池容量衰減實(shí)驗(yàn),推導(dǎo)了用于觀測(cè)的電池容量衰減模型,提出了一種基于磷酸鐵鋰電池容量衰減模型的自適應(yīng)Sigma卡爾曼粒子濾波電池剩余壽命預(yù)測(cè)方法,克服了粒子匱乏的問(wèn)題,方法簡(jiǎn)單且有效;為了提高電池剩余壽命的預(yù)測(cè)準(zhǔn)確性,構(gòu)建了容量變化的數(shù)據(jù)驅(qū)動(dòng)型自回歸模型,提出了一種基于數(shù)據(jù)驅(qū)動(dòng)型融合模型的自適應(yīng)Sigma卡爾曼粒子濾波電池剩余壽命預(yù)測(cè)方法,實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了所述方法的有效性及可行性。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)電池組內(nèi)各單體電池的一致性均衡控制,課題從能量的角度展開(kāi)均衡電路及控制研究,設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于儲(chǔ)能電感的非耗散型二級(jí)均衡電路并進(jìn)行了數(shù)學(xué)建模,結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、便于級(jí)聯(lián)控制,同時(shí)給出了MOSFET控制時(shí)序,提出了一種自適應(yīng)均衡電流的控制方案,空載工況、充電工況及效率實(shí)驗(yàn)下的測(cè)試驗(yàn)證了所提均衡電路及方案的有效性與可行性。為解決動(dòng)力電池組充電問(wèn)題,課題從V2G綜合性能量變換系統(tǒng)從發(fā),提出一種雙極DC-BUS充電系統(tǒng)。針對(duì)前級(jí)PWM主變換器,提出了一種基于V-S平衡特解規(guī)劃的通用PWM調(diào)制算法,在單個(gè)載波周期內(nèi),設(shè)計(jì)了一種通用的開(kāi)關(guān)序列,物理意義更明確,普適性更強(qiáng);通過(guò)特解規(guī)劃、脈沖分配思想,提出了九段式低頻脈動(dòng)抑制PWM特解規(guī)劃算法和中點(diǎn)電位閉環(huán)控制策略,無(wú)需扇區(qū)判定及矢量合成分析,算法更簡(jiǎn)潔,可實(shí)現(xiàn)全范圍下消除中點(diǎn)電位低頻振蕩和中點(diǎn)電位直流不平衡功能。同時(shí)展開(kāi)后級(jí)充放一體式DC/DC系統(tǒng)拓?fù)渑c控制研究,設(shè)計(jì)了多級(jí)恒流與恒壓涓流的充電策略,均衡充電與不均衡充電實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了所提充電系統(tǒng)及策略的有效性與可行性。最后,以飛思卡爾汽車級(jí)嵌入式處理器為核心,高精度電池信息采集芯片為采集單元,設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于MSCAN總線、Modbus_RTU協(xié)議等架構(gòu)的多通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)分布式主從電池管理系統(tǒng),分別給出硬件電路及軟件的模塊化設(shè)計(jì)方法,提高了系統(tǒng)的可靠性,縮短了開(kāi)發(fā)周期。
[Abstract]:In recent years, new energy vehicles has been rapid development of lithium iron phosphate batteries become the preferred power source of new energy vehicles because of their excellent properties. In order to load the mileage and safety performance of new energy vehicles to improve the complex condition, the study of lithium iron phosphate battery state observation and reliable management system has become the key to promote new energy vehicles the development is of great significance. In this paper the lithium iron phosphate battery management system as the research center, state observation and control of the battery management key technology two aspects are studied. This paper firstly introduces the background and significance of the topic, the current situation of the research at home and abroad are reviewed and the topic is given the main content of the research and arrangement. Analyzing the operation mechanism of lithium iron phosphate battery, factors that affect the accuracy of the electrochemical cell modeling is derived based on a thought; General nonlinear equivalent electrical circuit model, reveals the essence of polarization and diffusion phenomena; at the same time, the existing mathematical model was improved, presents an account of Kulun efficiency, temperature, deterioration, relaxation effect, mathematical model of optimization, influence factors such as hysteresis, the battery state of charge make accurate observation under the traditional foundation. In order to reduce the computational complexity of the extended Calman filter algorithm, improve the stability of the algorithm, we propose an approximate optimal adaptive filter based on the Calman Gauss Sigma Calman filter charge state observation algorithm, introducing the state estimation error covariance square root, improve the positive semi definiteness of the state covariance, constructed Sigma sampling series iterative minimum mean square error estimation of state estimation and the observation estimates were updated based on the accurate estimation of battery state of charge. For P Degradation of acid lithium iron battery and residual life prediction research, design of battery capacity attenuation, attenuation model is derived for observation of the battery capacity, provides a method to predict the residual life of Sigma Calman adaptive particle filter cell attenuation model of lithium iron phosphate battery capacity based on particle overcomes the problem of lack of method simple and effective; in order to improve the prediction accuracy of the remaining life of the battery, constructed the capacity change of data driven autoregressive model, proposes a method for predicting remaining life of Sigma adaptive particle filter Calman cell data driven fusion model based on the experiments verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the method. In order to achieve balanced consistency each single cell battery control topic equalization circuit and control from the angle of energy, design a energy storage based on The two sense of non dissipative equalization circuit and mathematical modeling, simple structure, convenient for cascade control, and gives the MOSFET control timing control scheme was proposed, an adaptive equalization charging current of no-load condition, under the experimental condition and the efficiency test verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the equalization circuit and program. To solve the power battery charging problem, research from V2G comprehensive energy conversion system from hair, put forward a kind of DC-BUS bipolar charging system. Aiming at the level PWM converter, presents a general PWM modulation algorithm based on V-S equilibrium solution of planning, in a single period of carrier, designed a switching sequence in general, the physical meaning is more clear, more applicable; special solution of the planning, pulse distribution thought, proposed nine stage low frequency ripple suppression PWM solution planning algorithm and the midpoint potential of closed-loop control strategy without sector Determination of synthetic analysis and vector algorithm, more concise, can realize the full range of the elimination of neutral point potential oscillations and neutral point DC unbalance function. At the same time after the commencement of discharge level research on topology and control of integrated DC/DC system, design the charging strategy multistage constant current and constant voltage trickle, equalizing charge and unbalanced charging experiment the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed charging system and strategy. Finally, by Freescale Carle automotive embedded processor as the core, high precision acquisition chip for battery information acquisition unit, based on the design of a MSCAN bus, Modbus_RTU protocol architecture of multi communication network distributed battery management system, modular design methods are given the hardware circuit and software, improve system reliability, shorten the development cycle.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM912;U469.7
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本文編號(hào)：1681672