本文選題：工頻分量　切入點(diǎn)：單端故障測距　出處：《山東理工大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：輸電線路是整個(gè)電力系統(tǒng)不可或缺的重要一環(huán),它肩負(fù)著輸送電能的重要任務(wù),同時(shí)由于輸電線路長期暴露在自然環(huán)境中,導(dǎo)致其很容易發(fā)生短路故障。當(dāng)故障發(fā)生后,準(zhǔn)確及時(shí)的對(duì)故障點(diǎn)進(jìn)行定位,就成為了需要特別關(guān)注的問題�？焖贉�(zhǔn)確的定位故障點(diǎn),不僅能節(jié)省一定的人力物力,而且對(duì)整個(gè)電力系統(tǒng)的安全穩(wěn)定及經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行有著十分積極的作用。本文采用基于工頻分量的單端測距原理,對(duì)輸電線路發(fā)生各種類型的短路故障進(jìn)行分析。同時(shí)對(duì)故障發(fā)生后穩(wěn)定時(shí)間窗進(jìn)行分析,提出一種針對(duì)時(shí)間窗自動(dòng)選取的算法,以提高利用工頻測距原理的測距精度。力求為采用工頻分量測距原理的微機(jī)保護(hù)裝置時(shí)間窗的快速準(zhǔn)確選取提供參考。本文的研究內(nèi)容主要有以下幾點(diǎn):1.詳細(xì)分析基于工頻分量的單端故障測距方法在集中參數(shù)模型和分布參數(shù)模型中的基本原理,針對(duì)線路中發(fā)生的各類短路故障,總結(jié)相應(yīng)測距原理下的故障距離通用表達(dá)式,并分析影響測距精度的原因。2.針對(duì)故障后穩(wěn)定時(shí)間窗選取這一問題,提出一種利用故障相電流的差值對(duì)時(shí)間窗進(jìn)行自動(dòng)提取的算法。通過將故障相電流做差值處理,突出故障過渡狀態(tài),并利用門檻值剔除故障過渡階段,求出穩(wěn)定時(shí)間窗。同時(shí)對(duì)故障測距過程中故障類型的判斷、故障分量的提取及測距原理等環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行算法設(shè)計(jì)。3.利用仿真軟件PSCAD分別搭建輸電線路幾何參數(shù)模型和分布參數(shù)模型,對(duì)線路發(fā)生單相接地短路及兩相短路故障進(jìn)行仿真。結(jié)合仿真波形,借助MATLAB軟件對(duì)所提時(shí)間窗自動(dòng)選取算法進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。分別利用基于集中參數(shù)模型的單端測距原理與基于分布參數(shù)模型的單端測距原理對(duì)故障點(diǎn)進(jìn)行定位,分析所得測距結(jié)果,對(duì)比兩種測距原理的精度。本文提出的針對(duì)故障發(fā)生后穩(wěn)定時(shí)間窗的自動(dòng)提取算法,能對(duì)故障穩(wěn)態(tài)進(jìn)行快速準(zhǔn)確的定位,利用所求時(shí)間窗,能準(zhǔn)確獲取故障后電壓電流的工頻分量。
[Abstract]:Transmission line is an indispensable and important part of the whole power system. It shoulders the important task of transmitting electric energy. At the same time, because the transmission line is exposed to the natural environment for a long time, it is prone to short circuit fault. Accurate and timely location of fault points has become a problem that needs special attention. Fast and accurate locating fault points can not only save some manpower and material resources, Moreover, it plays an active role in the safety, stability and economic operation of the whole power system. In this paper, the principle of single terminal ranging based on power frequency component is adopted. This paper analyzes all kinds of short-circuit faults in transmission lines, analyzes the stable time window after the fault occurs, and puts forward an algorithm for automatically selecting the time window. In order to improve the ranging accuracy of using the principle of power frequency ranging, this paper tries to provide a reference for the fast and accurate selection of the time window of the microcomputer protection device based on the principle of power frequency component ranging. The main research contents of this paper are as follows: 1. The basic principle of single end fault location method based on power frequency component in centralized parameter model and distributed parameter model is analyzed. In view of all kinds of short circuit faults occurring in the line, the general expression of fault distance under the corresponding location principle is summarized, and the reasons that affect the location accuracy are analyzed. 2. Aiming at the problem of selecting the stable time window after the fault, This paper presents an algorithm to extract the time window automatically by using the difference value of the fault phase current. By dealing with the difference value of the fault phase current, the transient state of the fault is highlighted, and the fault transition stage is eliminated by using the threshold value. At the same time, the algorithm design of fault type, fault component extraction and location principle in fault location process is carried out. 3. The geometric parameter model and distributed parameter model of transmission line are built using simulation software PSCAD, respectively. The fault of single-phase grounding and two-phase short circuit is simulated. The algorithm of automatic selection of time window is verified by MATLAB software. The fault point is located by using the principle of single end location based on centralized parameter model and the principle of single end location based on distributed parameter model, and the result of fault location is analyzed. Comparing the accuracy of the two principles, this paper presents an automatic extraction algorithm for the stable time window after the fault occurs, which can locate the steady state of the fault quickly and accurately, and use the time window. The power frequency component of voltage and current after fault can be accurately obtained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TM75

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