本文選題：CH_3NH_3PbI_3薄膜　切入點(diǎn)：太陽能電池　出處：《中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：有機(jī)/無機(jī)雜化鈣鈦礦太陽能電池由于具有光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率高、成本低、制備工藝簡單等優(yōu)勢成為近幾年光伏領(lǐng)域的研究熱點(diǎn)。自2009年問世以來,鈣鈦礦電池取得了飛速的發(fā)展。但由于研究時(shí)間短,仍有一些問題需要深入研究。首先,鈣鈦礦材料的可控制備仍是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn),其反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué)機(jī)制尚不明確;其次,鈣鈦礦電池展現(xiàn)出有別于傳統(tǒng)光伏器件的輸運(yùn)行為,例如遲滯效應(yīng),光照預(yù)處理對器件輸出性能的影響等等,其物理機(jī)制還不清楚;第三,如何改善載流子的抽取速率,進(jìn)而提高柔性鈣鈦礦太陽電池的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率還有待深入研究。針對上述問題,本論文開展以下幾方面的研究工作:(1)通過調(diào)節(jié)兩步浸泡法中CH_3NH_3I溶液的濃度、浸泡溫度、浸泡時(shí)間,有效調(diào)控了CH_3NH_3I在PbI_2中的擴(kuò)散行為、成核密度和反應(yīng)速率,進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)了對薄膜晶粒尺寸、形貌和相純度的調(diào)控,并系統(tǒng)分析了其反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué)機(jī)制。利用優(yōu)化后的工藝參數(shù)即CH_3NH_3I溶液濃度為10mg/ml,浸泡時(shí)間為10min,制備的CH_3NH_3PbI_3薄膜作為光吸收層應(yīng)用在太陽能電池中,獲得了11%的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率;(2)利用兩步旋涂法制備CH_3NH_3PbI_3薄膜,并系統(tǒng)分析了CH_3NH_3I濃度對薄膜的結(jié)晶性能、表面形貌以及光吸收性能的影響。結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)CH_3NH_3I濃度為70mg/ml時(shí),CH_3NH_3PbI_3薄膜表面致密平整、相純度高,以此為光吸收層制備的太陽能電池的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率達(dá)到12.3%;(3)系統(tǒng)研究了光照預(yù)處理對鈣鈦礦電池輸出性能的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)最初3min之內(nèi)光照預(yù)處理可以顯著提高器件的輸出性能,但延長光照時(shí)間到7min之后電池的效率開始降低。利用離子移動(dòng)的觀點(diǎn)對上述光致輸運(yùn)特性進(jìn)行了初步的機(jī)理分析。(4)通過改進(jìn)后的兩步旋涂法,即在CH_3NH_3I溶液中加入微量的DMF,在柔性PET基底上首次成功生長了一維CH_3NH_3PbI_3納米線,與常規(guī)CH_3NH_3PbI_3薄膜相比,CH_3NH_3PbI_3納米線與Zn O形成界面后,表現(xiàn)出更快的電子抽取速率,為提高柔性鈣鈦礦電池的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率提供了新思路。
[Abstract]:Organic / inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells have become a research hotspot in photovoltaic field in recent years due to their advantages of high photoelectric conversion efficiency, low cost and simple preparation process. Perovskite batteries have made rapid development. However, due to the short research time, there are still some problems to be further studied. Firstly, the controllable preparation of perovskite materials is still a challenge, and the reaction kinetics mechanism is not clear. The physical mechanism of perovskite cells is not clear, such as hysteresis, the effect of light pretreatment on the output performance of photovoltaic devices, and so on. Thirdly, how to improve the decimation rate of carriers. In order to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of flexible perovskite solar cells, further research is needed. In view of the above problems, the following research work is carried out in this paper: 1) by adjusting the concentration of CH_3NH_3I solution and soaking temperature in two-step immersion method, The diffusion behavior, nucleation density and reaction rate of CH_3NH_3I in PbI_2 were effectively controlled by soaking time, and then the grain size, morphology and phase purity of the films were regulated. The mechanism of reaction kinetics was systematically analyzed. The optimized process parameters, namely, the concentration of CH_3NH_3I solution was 10 mg / ml, the immersion time was 10 min, and the prepared CH_3NH_3PbI_3 thin film was used as optical absorption layer in solar cells. CH_3NH_3PbI_3 thin films were prepared by two-step spin coating method. The effects of CH_3NH_3I concentration on the crystalline properties, surface morphology and optical absorption properties of the films were systematically analyzed. When the concentration of CH_3NH_3I is 70mg/ml, the surface of Ch _ S _ 3NH _ 3PbI _ 3 thin film is compact and smooth, and the phase purity is high. The photovoltaic conversion efficiency of solar cell prepared by using this method as the optical absorption layer is 12.3and (3) the effect of light pretreatment on the output performance of perovskite cell has been studied. It is found that the initial illumination pretreatment within 3min can significantly improve the output performance of the device. However, the efficiency of the cell began to decrease after prolonging the illumination time to 7min. A preliminary mechanism analysis of the photoinduced transport characteristics mentioned above was carried out by using the viewpoint of ion movement. The improved two-step spin coating method was used to analyze the mechanism of the phototransport characteristics. In other words, the one-dimensional CH_3NH_3PbI_3 nanowires were successfully grown on the flexible PET substrate by adding a small amount of DMFs in the solution. Compared with the conventional CH_3NH_3PbI_3 films, the interface between CHS _ 3NH _ 3PbI _ 3 nanowires and Zn-O showed a faster electron extraction rate. It provides a new idea for improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of flexible perovskite battery.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM914.4

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