本文選題：螺環(huán)類　切入點：鈣鈦　出處：《大連海事大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：太陽能光伏發(fā)電是解決目前能源危機與環(huán)境污染問題的一種有效途徑。太陽能來源豐富且清潔可再生,與太陽能關系密切的太陽能電池備受關注。經(jīng)過幾十年的發(fā)展,太陽能電池的種類從傳統(tǒng)的晶硅太陽能電池發(fā)展到各類新型太陽能電池,包括晶體硅太陽能電池、有機薄膜電池以及鈣鈦礦太陽能電池等。尤其是鈣鈦礦太陽能電池,從2009年出現(xiàn)至今,僅在短短七年時間內(nèi)就實現(xiàn)了光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率的飆升,曾被Science評為"2013年十大科學突破"之一,成為目前新型太陽能電池的研究熱點,目前報道的最高效率已經(jīng)高達22%以上。鈣鈦礦太陽能電池如此優(yōu)越的光電轉(zhuǎn)化效率離不開其中的空穴傳輸材料,空穴傳輸材料能有效收集空穴并傳輸空穴。因此,開發(fā)新型空穴傳輸材料并對性能的研究是提升鈣鈦礦太陽能電池整體性能的一種重要途徑。目前,對空穴傳輸材料的研究熱點之一是有機小分子類,由于有機分子類材料具有合成方法靈活、成功率高、材料成膜性好、空穴遷移率高、熱穩(wěn)定性好、化學結構設計與調(diào)節(jié)可控、器件能量轉(zhuǎn)化效率高等諸多優(yōu)點,從而開發(fā)此類新型空穴傳輸材料備受重視。通常,有機小分子空穴傳輸材料按分子結構大體可以分為三類:直鏈類、星狀類、螺環(huán)類。目前轉(zhuǎn)換效率最高的電池當屬使用螺環(huán)類的空穴傳輸材料,同時螺環(huán)類空穴傳輸材料因其獨特的剛性非平面結構和分子間的共軛性提供了該類材料優(yōu)異的熱穩(wěn)定性和良好的空穴遷移率。本論文從鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的基本工作原理出發(fā),結合了鈣鈦礦吸光層的價帶能級的匹配原則、電池器件結構的穩(wěn)定性、材料的合成成本上把控,設計合成了幾類新型的螺環(huán)類和咔唑類有機小分子空穴傳輸材料,并對它們進行了基本理化性質(zhì)的一些表征和器件上的使用,論文的主要研究內(nèi)容包括:(1)從廉價易得的原料著手,設計合成了兩種二苯胺類外圍片段和兩種咔唑二苯胺類外圍片段,通過低溫反應、關環(huán)反應、NBS溴代反應、Suzuki偶聯(lián)反應、Buckwald-Hartwig偶聯(lián)反應等,實現(xiàn)片段與中間核的C-N偶聯(lián),從而合成新的目標分子。
[Abstract]:Solar photovoltaic power generation is an effective way to solve the problems of energy crisis and environmental pollution. Solar energy sources are abundant, clean and renewable, and solar cells closely related to solar energy have attracted much attention. The types of solar cells have evolved from traditional crystalline silicon solar cells to new types of solar cells, including crystalline silicon solar cells, organic thin film cells and perovskite solar cells, especially perovskite solar cells. Since 2009, the photovoltaic conversion efficiency has soared in just seven years. It has been named "one of the ten scientific breakthroughs in 2013" by Science, and has become the research hotspot of new solar cells. The highest efficiency reported at present is more than 22%. The excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells can not be separated from the hole transport material, which can effectively collect holes and transfer holes. It is an important way to improve the overall performance of perovskite solar cells by developing new hole transport materials and studying their properties. Organic molecular materials have many advantages, such as flexible synthesis method, high success rate, good film-forming property, high hole mobility, good thermal stability, controllable chemical structure design and adjustment, high energy conversion efficiency, etc. In general, organic small molecule hole-transport materials can be divided into three types according to molecular structure: straight chain, stellate, Snails. The cells with the highest conversion efficiency at present are the hole-transport materials that use the snails. At the same time, the helicoid hole-transporting materials have excellent thermal stability and good hole mobility due to their unique rigid displanar structure and intermolecular conjugation. In this paper, the basic working principle of perovskite solar cells is discussed. Combined with the matching principle of valence band energy level of perovskite absorption layer, the stability of the structure of the battery device and the control of the synthesis cost of the materials, several new types of small molecular hole-transporting materials of snails and carbazole were designed and synthesized. The basic physical and chemical properties of these materials are characterized and used in devices. The main research contents in this paper include: 1) starting from cheap and easily available raw materials. Two kinds of diphenylamine peripheral fragments and two carbazole diphenylamine peripheral fragments were designed and synthesized. Through the low temperature reaction, the closed ring reaction and the NBS brominating reaction Suzuki coupling reaction, the Buckwald-Hartwig coupling reaction was carried out to realize the C-N coupling between the fragments and the intermediate nucleus. To synthesize new target molecules.
【學位授予單位】：大連海事大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM914.4

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本文編號：1637708