本文選題：螺旋葉片轉(zhuǎn)輪　切入點(diǎn)：低水頭　出處：《江蘇大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：螺旋葉片在人類文明進(jìn)程中擁有悠久的應(yīng)用歷史,從古埃及時(shí)代的農(nóng)業(yè)提水泵,到現(xiàn)代的物料輸送、心臟移植設(shè)備,螺旋葉片類裝置得到不斷改進(jìn),并在諸多領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮了重要作用。20世紀(jì)末,螺旋葉片在微水電領(lǐng)域又迎來新生,歐洲人從阿基米德螺旋泵獲得啟發(fā),率先開發(fā)出高效、生態(tài)環(huán)保、適用于低水頭的螺旋葉片式水力發(fā)電裝置,目前已經(jīng)應(yīng)用于歐洲發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的低水頭場(chǎng)合,并取得較好的生態(tài)和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,因而國(guó)際上也掀起了對(duì)該新裝置的研究熱潮,但在國(guó)內(nèi),相關(guān)的研究或應(yīng)用還未見公開報(bào)道。螺旋葉片式水力發(fā)電裝置是一種新型的分布式能源開發(fā)方式,可為偏遠(yuǎn)山區(qū)、農(nóng)業(yè)設(shè)備、城市水處理設(shè)備供電,還能實(shí)現(xiàn)水庫(kù)、水電站余能回收。我國(guó)低水頭資源不計(jì)其數(shù),國(guó)家也正大力支持分布式能源開發(fā),若能促進(jìn)該新型水電裝置在我國(guó)的應(yīng)用,不僅有利于實(shí)現(xiàn)我國(guó)節(jié)能減排的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo),還可以促進(jìn)水電行業(yè)生態(tài)文明建設(shè)。本文針對(duì)該水力發(fā)電裝置進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)研究以及樣機(jī)開發(fā),主要內(nèi)容及成果如下:1.介紹該裝置的主要結(jié)構(gòu)和參數(shù),與傳統(tǒng)微型水輪機(jī)對(duì)比,分析該裝置的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。并概括目前的效率模型:Nagel模型只考慮了間隙泄漏對(duì)效率的影響,淹深充分時(shí)有一定的準(zhǔn)確性,Muller模型將螺旋葉片簡(jiǎn)化,結(jié)果表明效率與泄漏、幾何參數(shù)和淹沒深度都有關(guān),而Murray模型不僅考慮了轉(zhuǎn)輪的幾何參數(shù),還引入了淹沒深度和轉(zhuǎn)速,是目前較為全面的效率模型。2.搭建低水頭水力測(cè)試試驗(yàn)臺(tái),分別對(duì)螺旋葉片轉(zhuǎn)輪和沖擊式轉(zhuǎn)輪進(jìn)行對(duì)比試驗(yàn)研究。由結(jié)果分析可知:(1)兩種轉(zhuǎn)輪的轉(zhuǎn)速均隨其轉(zhuǎn)矩的增大而逐漸減小,螺旋葉片轉(zhuǎn)輪比沖擊式轉(zhuǎn)輪的轉(zhuǎn)速范圍寬,但轉(zhuǎn)矩范圍相對(duì)較窄。(2)兩種轉(zhuǎn)輪軸功率均隨轉(zhuǎn)速呈現(xiàn)先增大后減小的趨勢(shì),在一定轉(zhuǎn)速范圍內(nèi),試驗(yàn)螺旋葉片轉(zhuǎn)輪軸功率保持最大值,且大于沖擊式轉(zhuǎn)輪功率,只要能選定合適的轉(zhuǎn)速,螺旋葉片轉(zhuǎn)輪就能擁有較高的發(fā)電功率。(3)螺旋葉片轉(zhuǎn)輪的效率隨轉(zhuǎn)速先增大后減小,在一定轉(zhuǎn)速范圍內(nèi)效率維持較高水平,在較寬轉(zhuǎn)速區(qū),螺旋葉片轉(zhuǎn)輪的效率都大于沖擊式轉(zhuǎn)輪。3.建立了簡(jiǎn)化的螺旋葉片轉(zhuǎn)輪受力模型,對(duì)樣機(jī)零部件進(jìn)行選型設(shè)計(jì),解決了如下關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問題:(1)設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)了適用于螺旋葉片式水力發(fā)電裝置的水潤(rùn)滑軸承,結(jié)構(gòu)上省去了密封裝置,保證水潤(rùn)滑效果的同時(shí)不會(huì)對(duì)水體造成污染,且安裝、拆卸方便,易于維護(hù);其材料選用方面,軸套和軸瓦采用耐磨、耐腐蝕的不銹鋼和青銅,適用于螺旋葉片轉(zhuǎn)輪部分浸水且轉(zhuǎn)速低的場(chǎng)合。(2)對(duì)軸承座結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了特殊設(shè)計(jì),解決了因常規(guī)焊件尺寸過大,加工精度難以保證的難題,同時(shí)保證了裝配時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)輪軸與外圓筒流道的同心度,繼而從結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)角度避免了樣機(jī)加工和裝配的難題。(3)在保證加工要求的前提下集成螺旋葉片轉(zhuǎn)輪、變速箱、發(fā)電機(jī)、外圓筒和支架體等主要部件,完成集裝式樣機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),從而減小土建施工量。4.考慮樣機(jī)制造的適用性、簡(jiǎn)便性,給出加工所需的毛胚材料選用方案,并介紹螺旋葉片轉(zhuǎn)輪、支架、軸承座、壓蓋等零件的加工工藝,以及變速箱和發(fā)電機(jī)等零部件的裝配過程和外觀維護(hù),其中螺旋葉片是加工的難點(diǎn),本文介紹了一種可行的拉伸焊接方法。螺旋葉片式水力發(fā)電裝置樣機(jī)的成功制造,為后續(xù)的示范應(yīng)用奠定了良好基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:The spiral blades have long tradition in the process of human civilization, ancient Egyptian times to the modern agricultural water pump, material conveying, heart transplantation equipment, spiral blade device has been improved in many areas, and played an important role in the.20 century, ushered in the new spiral blade in the field of Micro Hydropower, European inspired from the Archimedes spiral pump, pioneered the development of high efficiency, environmental protection, spiral blade type hydraulic power device suitable for low head and low head occasions has been used in European countries, and achieved good ecological and economic benefits, the international community has also raised the research upsurge of the new device, but in the domestic. Related research or application has not been publicly reported. The spiral vane hydraulic power generating device is a new type of distributed energy development mode for remote mountainous areas, agricultural equipment, city City water treatment equipment supply, but also to achieve energy recovery in hydropower station reservoir, low head resources in China. The country is also too many to count, vigorously support the development of distributed energy, to promote the application of new type power device in our country, not only conducive to the realization of the goals and energy conservation and emission reduction in China, but also can promote the hydropower industry ecology civilization construction. In this paper, experimental research and prototype development for the hydraulic power device, the main contents and results are as follows: 1. introduces the main structure and parameters of the device, and the traditional micro turbine comparison, analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the device. And summarize current efficiency model: Nagel model only considers the leakage effect on efficiency the deep submergence fully when there is a certain degree of accuracy, the Muller model of the spiral blade is simplified, and the results show that the efficiency of leakage, are related to the geometric parameters and the submerged depth, while the Murray model considers not only the The geometric parameters of the turbine, also introduces the submergence depth and speed, is currently the.2. efficiency model, comprehensively build a low head hydraulic test bench, respectively. Comparative experimental research was carried out on the runner and the impact of helical blade runner. From the analysis results: (1) increased two wheel speed were increased with torque gradually reduced, spiral blade runner runner than the impact speed range, but the torque range is relatively narrow. (2) the two wheel shaft power is decreased as the speed increased first and then decreased, in a certain range of speed test, the spiral blade runner shaft power to maintain the maximum and is larger than the impact rotary power. As long as you can select the appropriate speed, power will have a higher spiral blade runner. (3) the efficiency of wheel spiral vane with rotating speed increased first and then decreased in certain speed range to maintain a high level of efficiency, in a wide The speed, efficiency is greater than the impact of runner vane type rotary.3. spiral blade runner simplified mechanical model is established, selection of design of prototype parts, the key technical problems are as follows: (1) the water lubricated bearing designed for spiral vane hydraulic power generation device, eliminating the sealing structure device, ensure the water lubrication effect at the same time not to water pollution, and installation, convenient disassembly, easy maintenance; the selection of materials, the sleeve and the bushing wear and corrosion resistance of stainless steel and bronze, suitable for rotary helical blade partially submerged and low speed applications. (2) of the bearing seat of the special structure design, solves the problem of conventional welding size is too large, the problem is difficult to guarantee the machining accuracy, but also ensure the assembly wheel shaft and the outer cylinder flow concentricity, and avoid the kind of structure from the angle of design The problem of machining and assembly. (3) in the premise of ensuring the processing requirements of integrated spiral blade runner, gearbox, generator, main parts of the outer cylinder and the bracket body, structure design of prototype container type, thereby reducing the construction quantity of.4. considering the applicability of prototype simplicity, are required for processing the blank material selection scheme, and introduces the spiral blade runner, bracket, bearing seat, cover and other parts of the machining process, assembly process and appearance as well as other parts of the gearbox and generator maintenance, which is the difficult point of spiral blade processing, this paper presents a feasible method for welding tensile screw blade type hydraulic power. The success of the prototype manufacturing, and laid a good foundation for the subsequent demonstration application.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM612

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 白存新;楊文杰;邱有春;崔偉;梁麗靜;;水車式發(fā)電船的可行性分析[J];企業(yè)科技與發(fā)展;2016年05期

2 范翔;;城市綜合管廊工程重要節(jié)點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)探討[J];給水排水;2016年01期

3 施衛(wèi)紅;;城市地下綜合管廊發(fā)展及應(yīng)用探討[J];中外建筑;2015年12期

4 呂玉磊;;機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)中的材料的選擇和應(yīng)用分析[J];江西建材;2015年22期

5 張一清;姜鑫民;;發(fā)展我國(guó)可再生能源的對(duì)策研究[J];山東工商學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2015年04期

6 俞黎萍;石亦平;劉瑞峰;;風(fēng)電機(jī)組主軸承選型與設(shè)計(jì)分析[J];重慶大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2015年01期

7 于泳水;;API610標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工泵設(shè)計(jì)探討[J];通用機(jī)械;2015年02期

8 李杭斌;;芻議農(nóng)村微型水力發(fā)電技術(shù)的進(jìn)展及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)[J];科技創(chuàng)新與應(yīng)用;2015年03期

9 魏海龍;;機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)加工中應(yīng)注意的問題分析[J];科技創(chuàng)新與應(yīng)用;2014年23期

10 方玉建;張金鳳;袁壽其;;歐盟27國(guó)小水電的發(fā)展對(duì)我國(guó)的戰(zhàn)略思考[J];排灌機(jī)械工程學(xué)報(bào);2014年07期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前4條

1 張紅星;渠道排水對(duì)河床演變的影響[D];河北工程大學(xué);2015年

2 楊濤;小微水電機(jī)組綜合控制裝置的研究與實(shí)現(xiàn)[D];廣西大學(xué);2014年

3 朱昂;城市微電網(wǎng)能源及在中國(guó)的發(fā)展前景[D];華南理工大學(xué);2013年

4 張宋超;微型水電與電網(wǎng)協(xié)同供電技術(shù)的研究[D];南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2009年

，

本文編號(hào)：1618767