本文選題：光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器　切入點(diǎn)：可靠性　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著傳統(tǒng)石化能源儲(chǔ)量的日趨枯竭,與大氣污染、溫室效應(yīng)等環(huán)境問題的日益顯著,開發(fā)利用高效、清潔和經(jīng)濟(jì)的能源成為人們的首選,然而工業(yè)調(diào)查表明,新能源發(fā)電系統(tǒng)故障的很大一部分原因可以歸結(jié)于并網(wǎng)逆變器的故障,逆變器的可靠性問題已成為較為普遍且亟待解決的現(xiàn)實(shí)問題。為了準(zhǔn)確評(píng)估并網(wǎng)逆變器的可靠性,本文以光伏發(fā)電并網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)為例,首先在Matlab/simulink軟件中建立了光伏電池以及并網(wǎng)逆變器的仿真模型,通過實(shí)測太陽輻照度與環(huán)境溫度數(shù)據(jù),仿真獲得逆變器直流電壓與交流電流數(shù)據(jù),為器件的可靠性建模與計(jì)算提供數(shù)據(jù)支撐。然后搭建了功率器件的損耗與熱網(wǎng)絡(luò)仿真模型,采用基于失效物理的LESIT壽命預(yù)測模型,結(jié)合雨流計(jì)數(shù)法與疲勞累積損傷理論,建立了 IGBT模塊損傷計(jì)算模型。之后分析了功率波動(dòng)、開關(guān)頻率等因素對(duì)器件可靠性的影響,結(jié)果表明:①各種因素對(duì)器件的影響首先反映在器件的結(jié)溫變化上,滿足溫度越高,可靠性越低的規(guī)律;②功率波動(dòng)所造成的低頻結(jié)溫波動(dòng)是影響器件可靠性的主要因素;③改變開關(guān)頻率可以作為提高器件可靠性的一種手段,采用逆變器在全額運(yùn)行階段通過適當(dāng)降低開關(guān)頻率以改善功率器件可靠性的策略,該策略簡單易行,且能極大的提高功率器件的可靠性水平。采用應(yīng)力分析法計(jì)算了除了功率器件的其余器件的失效率,在獲得各元件可靠性數(shù)據(jù)的基礎(chǔ)上,分別采用可靠性框圖法與蒙特卡洛法計(jì)算了并網(wǎng)逆變器平均故障時(shí)間(MTTF),兩種方法所得結(jié)果互相印證。傳統(tǒng)配電網(wǎng)可靠性分析時(shí)各設(shè)備的失效率都采用常數(shù)值,然而逆變器作為多元件組成的可修復(fù)系統(tǒng),隨著內(nèi)部元件的維修與更新其失效率也應(yīng)發(fā)生相應(yīng)改變。針對(duì)這一問題本文分別研究了季節(jié)、設(shè)備老化以及器件維修的設(shè)備可靠性的計(jì)算方法,給出了相應(yīng)的結(jié)論以及并網(wǎng)逆變器失效率數(shù)據(jù)。該方法無論是對(duì)主動(dòng)配電網(wǎng)的可靠性研究還是對(duì)于并網(wǎng)逆變器自身檢修周期的確定都具有一定工程價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:With the depletion of traditional fossil energy reserves and air pollution, Greenhouse Effect and other environmental problems, the development and utilization of efficient, clean and economic energy has become the first choice. However, industrial surveys show that, A large part of the fault of new energy generation system can be attributed to the fault of grid-connected inverter. The reliability of inverter has become a common and urgent problem to be solved in order to accurately evaluate the reliability of grid-connected inverter. In this paper, the photovoltaic grid-connected system is taken as an example. The simulation models of photovoltaic cells and grid-connected inverters are established in the Matlab/simulink software. The DC voltage and AC current data of the inverter are obtained by measuring the solar irradiance and ambient temperature data. This paper provides data support for reliability modeling and calculation of the device. Then, the loss and thermal network simulation model of power device is built. The LESIT life prediction model based on failure physics is adopted, combined with rain flow counting method and fatigue cumulative damage theory. The damage calculation model of IGBT module is established, and the influence of power fluctuation, switching frequency and other factors on the device reliability is analyzed. The results show that the influence of various factors on the device is first reflected in the junction temperature change of the device, and the higher the satisfied temperature is, the higher the device reliability is. The low frequency junction temperature fluctuation caused by the lower reliability is the main factor that affects the reliability of the device. Changing the switching frequency can be used as a means to improve the reliability of the device. The strategy of improving the reliability of power devices by properly reducing the switching frequency in the full operation phase of the inverter is adopted. The strategy is simple and practical. And the reliability level of power device can be greatly improved. The failure rate of other devices except power device is calculated by using stress analysis method. On the basis of obtaining reliability data of each component, The average fault time of grid-connected inverter is calculated by using reliability block diagram method and Monte Carlo method respectively. The results obtained by the two methods confirm each other. The failure rate of each equipment in traditional distribution network reliability analysis adopts constant value. However, as a repairable system composed of multiple elements, the failure rate of inverter should change with the maintenance and renewal of internal components. Methods for calculating the reliability of equipment for equipment aging and device maintenance, The corresponding conclusions and the failure rate data of grid-connected inverter are given. This method has some engineering value both for the reliability research of active distribution network and for determining the repair period of grid-connected inverter itself.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM464;TM615

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