本文選題：核電機(jī)組　切入點(diǎn)：熱力系統(tǒng)　出處：《華北電力大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,我國(guó)能源消費(fèi)量還會(huì)不斷增長(zhǎng),同時(shí)環(huán)境污染的加重,再次引發(fā)全社會(huì)對(duì)以煤炭為主導(dǎo)的能源結(jié)構(gòu)的反思。核電的安全發(fā)展已成為不可阻擋的趨勢(shì)。在這樣的情況下,提高核電機(jī)組的熱經(jīng)濟(jì)性、降低發(fā)電成本,確保機(jī)組的安全運(yùn)行具有重要意義。本文通過對(duì)比核電機(jī)組熱力系統(tǒng)與常規(guī)火電機(jī)組熱力系統(tǒng)的差異,結(jié)合壓水堆核電機(jī)組二回路熱力系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn),以國(guó)內(nèi)EPR1750MW核電機(jī)組為例,建立便于使用矩陣分析法的核電機(jī)組熱力系統(tǒng)熱經(jīng)濟(jì)性分析的通用數(shù)學(xué)模型。在此基礎(chǔ)上建立多元擾動(dòng)下的熱力系統(tǒng)能效分析模型,并對(duì)模型的映射規(guī)則、結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)及使用規(guī)則加以說明。最后,通過計(jì)算得出了多元參數(shù)擾動(dòng)對(duì)機(jī)組能效影響的強(qiáng)度系數(shù)。本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容以及所得結(jié)論如下:(1)分析壓水堆EPR1750MW核電機(jī)組熱力系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn),建立核電機(jī)組熱力系統(tǒng)熱經(jīng)濟(jì)性分析的統(tǒng)一物理模型。通過對(duì)比常規(guī)熱平衡法計(jì)算各級(jí)抽汽系數(shù),進(jìn)一步證明了該模型的準(zhǔn)確性。在統(tǒng)一物理模型的基礎(chǔ)上,將原系統(tǒng)的循環(huán)吸熱量方程、汽輪機(jī)內(nèi)功方程和熱力系統(tǒng)汽水分布方程分解為各級(jí)控制體的方程,并轉(zhuǎn)化為矩陣方程,從而得出該機(jī)組的熱力系統(tǒng)熱經(jīng)濟(jì)性分析數(shù)學(xué)模型。并對(duì)機(jī)組能效矩陣方程進(jìn)行微分等數(shù)學(xué)處理,進(jìn)而得出影響機(jī)組能效的各個(gè)參數(shù),使機(jī)組節(jié)能降耗有的放矢。(2)進(jìn)行多元參數(shù)擾動(dòng)對(duì)核電機(jī)組熱經(jīng)濟(jì)性的分析。多元參數(shù)擾動(dòng)包括廣域性參數(shù)和局域性參數(shù)。其中,廣域性參數(shù)主要包括主蒸汽壓力、主蒸汽溫度、再熱蒸汽溫度。局域性參數(shù)主要包含加熱器側(cè)的參數(shù)和輔助汽水的參數(shù)。計(jì)算出多元參數(shù)擾動(dòng)對(duì)機(jī)組能效的影響,進(jìn)而求出各擾動(dòng)對(duì)能效的相對(duì)強(qiáng)度系數(shù),即表示參數(shù)擾動(dòng)每變化1%時(shí),對(duì)機(jī)組能效變化量(/t tdηη)的影響程度。計(jì)算分析得:1)對(duì)于廣域性參數(shù)擾動(dòng),在額定工況下,主蒸汽氣壓相對(duì)敏感度為0.028561,主蒸汽溫度相對(duì)敏感度為0.10288,再熱蒸汽溫度的相對(duì)敏感度為0.064933。同時(shí),低負(fù)荷時(shí)要尤為注意主蒸汽壓力和再熱氣溫的變化,在高負(fù)荷時(shí)需注意主蒸汽溫度的變化。在一定范圍內(nèi),當(dāng)主蒸汽壓力、主蒸汽溫度、再熱蒸汽溫度增大時(shí),會(huì)提高機(jī)組能效。2)對(duì)于局域性參數(shù)擾動(dòng),當(dāng)加熱器壓損和上端差增大時(shí),會(huì)降低機(jī)組的能效。同時(shí)1、3、4號(hào)加熱器的抽汽壓損相對(duì)敏感度較大,所以需要特別注意1、3、4號(hào)加熱器的抽汽壓損的變化。1、4號(hào)加熱器上段差的相對(duì)敏感度較大,故而需要特別注意1、4號(hào)加熱器的上段差變化。因此在機(jī)組維護(hù)和檢修期間要著重注意1、3、4號(hào)加熱器的變化,以有效提高機(jī)組的運(yùn)行效率。3)廣域性參數(shù)擾動(dòng)相對(duì)敏感度比局域性擾動(dòng)敏感度大100~1000倍,因此,在機(jī)組檢修運(yùn)行時(shí),要優(yōu)先控制工質(zhì)溫度,減少因工質(zhì)溫度擾動(dòng)對(duì)機(jī)組能效產(chǎn)生的不利影響。(3)對(duì)EPR1750MW核電機(jī)組進(jìn)行多元參數(shù)擾動(dòng)下的能效分析研究,證明了分析模型的可用性,指出了影響機(jī)組能效的關(guān)鍵因素,為機(jī)組運(yùn)行監(jiān)督、提高機(jī)組熱經(jīng)濟(jì)性提供了理論支持。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy, China's energy consumption will continue to grow at the same time, the aggravation of environmental pollution, once again lead the whole society to take coal as the dominant energy structure of reflection. The safety of nuclear power development has become an irresistible trend. In this case, improve the thermal economy of the nuclear power group, reduce power the cost is of great importance to the safe operation of the unit. The differences in thermodynamic system compared with conventional nuclear power generating units in thermal power plants, combined with the characteristics of the two loop thermodynamic system of PWR units, with domestic EPR1750MW nuclear power plant as an example, a general mathematical model for the analysis of nuclear power plant thermal system using matrix analysis of the energy efficiency analysis model was established. The thermodynamic system under multivariate disturbances on the basis of the model, and the mapping rules, structure and rules of use with examples. Finally, the strength coefficient of influence on unit efficiency of multiple parameter perturbation is calculated. The main research contents of this paper and the conclusion are as follows: (1) analysis of the characteristics of the thermodynamic system of PWR nuclear power plant EPR1750MW unit, the establishment of a unified physical model of nuclear power unit thermal economy. By conventional heat balance method all levels of the steam extraction coefficient, further proved the accuracy of the model. Based on the unified physical model, the original system of the cycle heat absorption equation of steam turbine, the steam water distribution and strength equation of thermodynamic system equation into the body at all levels of the control equation, and transformed into matrix equation, thus obtains the thermal economy of the unit analysis the mathematical model of energy efficiency. And the matrix equation processing differential mathematics, and then draw the influence of various parameters of unit efficiency, make targeted energy saving unit . (2) multiple parameter analysis of the nuclear power plant thermal economic disturbance. The multiple parameter perturbation parameters include wide area and local area parameters. The parameters include the main steam pressure, main steam temperature, reheat steam temperature. The parameters of the local parameters mainly include the parameters and the auxiliary steam water heater side. Calculate the impact on unit efficiency of multi parameter perturbation, and then calculated the relative intensity of disturbance coefficient on energy efficiency, said parameter disturbance changes every 1%, the unit efficiency variation (/t TD ETA ETA) influence. Calculation and analysis: 1) for a wide area of parameter perturbation, in rated condition. The main steam pressure relative sensitivity is 0.028561, the main steam temperature relative sensitivity is 0.10288, the relative sensitivity of reheat steam temperature for 0.064933. low load at the same time, great care should be taken to change the main steam pressure and reheat temperature in high. Pay attention to the change of the load of main steam temperature in a certain range, when the main steam pressure, main steam temperature, reheat steam temperature increases, will increase the energy efficiency of.2) for local parameter perturbation, when the heater and the upper pressure loss difference increases, will reduce the energy efficiency. At the same time pumping pressure loss 1,3,4 the heater is relatively more sensitive, so we need to pay special attention to the 1,3,4 heater extraction steam pressure loss changes.1,4, the relative sensitivity of upper heater difference is large, so we need to pay special attention to the upper 1,4 heater difference. So during the maintenance and repair units to focus on the change of 1,3,4 heater, to.3 running efficiency improve the unit's) wide parameter perturbation relative sensitivity than local disturbance sensitivity 100~1000 times, therefore, the unit maintenance operation, should give priority to control the temperature of working fluid, less for refrigerant temperature The degree of disturbance influence on unit efficiency. (3) analysis of multiple parameters under the disturbance of energy efficiency of EPR1750MW nuclear power plant, proved the availability analysis model, points out the key factors affecting the energy efficiency of the unit, the unit operation and supervision, provide theoretical support to improve the thermal efficiency of the unit.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM623.3

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