本文選題：電化學(xué)電容器　切入點：MnO_2　出處：《上海師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：超級電容器又稱為電化學(xué)電容器,作為新型的儲能器件其具有較多的優(yōu)點:能夠快速的充放電,較高的功率密度和良好的循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性等。電化學(xué)電容器按儲能機理可分為碳基電極材料的雙電層電容器和具有氧化還原反應(yīng)電極材料的贗電容兩類。決定電化學(xué)電容器性能的關(guān)鍵因素之一是電極材料的使用,碳基材料具有較好的導(dǎo)電性和循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性,但其能量密度較低;贗電容電極材料的研究主要集中在具有商業(yè)應(yīng)用的過渡金屬氧化物上,其具有較高的理論比電容,然而單一的過渡金屬氧化物導(dǎo)電性較差。為了改善這些不足,本論文利用水熱法和電化學(xué)沉積的方法合成了MnO_2/C復(fù)合材料以及導(dǎo)電性良好的具有新穎三維結(jié)構(gòu)的錳基混合過渡金屬氧化物材料(MTMOs),利用協(xié)同作用促進材料的電化學(xué)性能。論文中的主要內(nèi)容概括如下:1、采用廉價易得的三聚氰胺為原材料合成三聚氰胺甲醛樹脂球,氮氣氣氛下對其進行碳化得到富氮的碳納米小球。2、在簡單有效的水熱反應(yīng)中,利用碳納米球還原KMnO_4得到MnO_2/C復(fù)合材料,并通過調(diào)節(jié)反應(yīng)條件得到最佳性能的納米棒狀MnO_2/碳球復(fù)合材料。以1mol L-1NaSO_4為電解液,0.1A g-1電流密度下其比電容值為305.6F g-1,并且該復(fù)合材料具有較好的循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性,1000次循環(huán)測試后其性能仍保持88.04%。3、在水熱反應(yīng)的基礎(chǔ)上合成出納米管狀的MnCo_2O_(4.5)電極材料,然后通過電化學(xué)沉積的方法在泡沫鎳片上得到新穎三維結(jié)構(gòu)的MnCo_2O_(4.5)@MnCo_2O_(4.5)電極材料。并通過改變電沉積時間,探討了20圈,50圈和80圈沉積條件下的電極材料的電化學(xué)性能。發(fā)現(xiàn)在沉積50圈時材料性能最佳,1A g-1的電流密度下比電容達到1580F g-1,遠高于水熱條件下得到的MnCo_2O_(4.5)和沉積20圈、80圈條件下電極材料的性能。此外,沉積50圈的材料也表現(xiàn)出較好的倍率性能,當電流密度增大10倍時,其比電容仍保持初始值的52.2%。通過2000次的循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性測試,發(fā)現(xiàn)三維結(jié)構(gòu)的MnCo_2O_(4.5)@MnCo_2O_(4.5)-50電極材料仍能保持初始比電容的98.2%,說明合成的三維結(jié)構(gòu)材料具有超長的使用壽命。
[Abstract]:Supercapacitors, also called electrochemical capacitors, as a new type of energy storage devices, have many advantages: they can charge and discharge rapidly. Electrochemical capacitors can be divided into two categories according to the energy storage mechanism: double layer capacitors with carbon-based electrode materials and pseudo-capacitors with redox electrode materials. One of the key factors in the performance of capacitors is the use of electrode materials, Carbon based materials have good electrical conductivity and cycle stability, but their energy density is low, and the study of pseudo-capacitance electrode materials is mainly focused on transition metal oxides with commercial applications, and has a higher theoretical specific capacitance. However, a single transition metal oxide has poor conductivity. In order to improve these deficiencies, In this paper, MnO_2/C composites and novel three dimensional manganese based mixed transition metal oxide materials with good electrical conductivity were synthesized by hydrothermal method and electrochemical deposition. The synergistic effect was used to promote the electrochemical properties of the materials. Performance. The main contents of this paper are summarized as follows: 1. Melamine formaldehyde resin spheres are synthesized by using cheap and easily available melamine as raw material. The carbon nanospheres were carbonized in nitrogen atmosphere to obtain nitrogen-rich carbon nanoparticles. In the simple and effective hydrothermal reaction, the KMnO_4 composites were reduced by carbon nanospheres to obtain MnO_2/C composites. By adjusting the reaction conditions, the best properties of nano-rod-shaped MnO_2/ carbon ball composites were obtained. The specific capacitance of the composite was 305.6 F g-1 at the current density of 0.1A g ~ (-1) with 1 mol L ~ (-1) NaSO4 as electrolyte, and the composite had good cycling stability 1000 times. After the ring was tested, the properties remained 88.040.3. on the basis of hydrothermal reaction, the nanoscale MnCo _ 2o _ 2O _ 5) electrode material was synthesized. Then, by electrochemical deposition method, a novel three-dimensional MnCoS _ 2O _ O _ (4. 5) electrode material was obtained on the nickel foam wafer, and the electrode material was obtained by changing the electrodeposition time. The electrochemical properties of electrode materials were studied under the conditions of 20 cycles and 50 cycles and 80 circles. It was found that the optimum material performance at 50 cycles was 1580F g -1 at current density, which was much higher than the MnCo2OS 4.5) and sedimentation at hydrothermal conditions. Properties of electrode materials at 20 laps and 80 laps. In addition, The material deposited in 50 cycles also showed good rate performance. When the current density increased 10 times, the specific capacitance remained 52.2% of the initial value. It is found that the three-dimensional structure of MnCo_2O_(4.5)@MnCo_2O_(4.5)-50 electrode material can still maintain the initial specific capacitance of 98.2. It shows that the synthesized three-dimensional structure material has a long service life.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ137.12;TB33;TM53

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