本文選題：水熱法　切入點(diǎn)：TiO_2　出處：《鄭州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：能源是全球經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的基石。隨著傳統(tǒng)化石能源的日趨枯竭,綠色可再生能源將成為世界能源發(fā)展的主旋律。太陽(yáng)能光伏器件開始獲得人們的廣泛關(guān)注。特別地,染料敏化太陽(yáng)能電池(DSSC)因其低廉的成本、簡(jiǎn)單的制作工藝、較高的理論光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率、穩(wěn)定的性能以及不污染環(huán)境的特點(diǎn)被廣泛研究。然而在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中,DSSC的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率偏低,如何提高效率是我們需要解決的難題。半導(dǎo)體TiO_2是染料敏化太陽(yáng)能電池主要應(yīng)用的光陽(yáng)極材料,具有原材料豐富、成本低、化學(xué)惰性和生物無(wú)毒性等特點(diǎn)。改善TiO_2光陽(yáng)極的性能對(duì)提高染料敏化太陽(yáng)能電池的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率是十分重要的。本論文主要從優(yōu)化TiO_2光陽(yáng)極的結(jié)構(gòu)出發(fā),提高光陽(yáng)極薄膜的光吸收能力和電子傳輸速率,進(jìn)一步提高DSSC的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率。具體研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:(1)Au/Ag納米粒子/線表面等離子共振增強(qiáng)雙層膜DSSC光電性能研究。采用水熱法制備了二維TiO_2納米片、三維TiO_2微球和三維TiO_2空心球,通過(guò)刮刀法制備了新穎的雙層TiO_2薄膜。其中,底層為連接層,由含有小晶粒尺寸的銳鈦礦型TiO_2納米顆粒組成。頂層為多功能層,包括微球、空心球、P25和納米片。引入了Au/Ag納米結(jié)構(gòu)到TiO_2光陽(yáng)極薄膜頂層中,并應(yīng)用于DSSC。系統(tǒng)地探究了金納米粒子(AuNP)、銀納米粒子(AgNP)、金納米線(AuNW)和銀納米線(AgNW)的摻入對(duì)染料敏化太陽(yáng)能電池光電性能的影響。研究結(jié)果表明,Au/Ag納米結(jié)構(gòu)的摻雜使得電池的能量轉(zhuǎn)換效率均有所提高�；赥iO_2-AgNW光陽(yáng)極薄膜的電池有最高的能量轉(zhuǎn)換效率(PCE,η)為5.74%,短路電流密度Isc為13.02 mAcm-2,相對(duì)于純電池(4.58%,11.83 mAcm-2)來(lái)說(shuō),能量轉(zhuǎn)換效率有25.3%的提高。Isc和η提高的主要原因是:提高的電子傳輸速率;局部表面等離子體共振(LSPR)效應(yīng)引起的光吸收和光散射的進(jìn)一步的提高。(2)性能增強(qiáng)的TiO_2納米棒陣列/納米片-微球雙層膜DSSC。采用水熱法制備了一維TiO_2納米棒陣列、二維TiO_2納米片和三維TiO_2微球,通過(guò)刮刀法制備了新穎的TiO_2納米棒陣列/納米片-微球雙層光陽(yáng)極薄膜,并應(yīng)用于DSSC中。探究了TiO_2納米片與微球的質(zhì)量百分比對(duì)電池光電性能的影響。研究結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)TiO_2納米片的質(zhì)量百分比為50%時(shí),電池表現(xiàn)出較好的光電性能,光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率為1.71%。這是因?yàn)榧{米片含量為50%的電池具有較好的光吸收特性,較小的載流子復(fù)合速率以及較快的電子傳輸速率。本論文制備了兩種不同結(jié)構(gòu)的雙層TiO_2光陽(yáng)極薄膜,并應(yīng)用于染料敏化太陽(yáng)能電池。探究了雙層光陽(yáng)極薄膜的結(jié)構(gòu)、成分、形貌等對(duì)電池光伏性能的影響。本論文將為雙層TiO_2光陽(yáng)極薄膜在DSSCs中的應(yīng)用提供新的研究依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Energy is the cornerstone of global economic development. With the depletion of traditional fossil energy, green renewable energy will become the main theme of energy development in the world. Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) has the advantages of low cost, simple fabrication process and high theoretical photoelectric conversion efficiency. The characteristics of stable performance and non-polluting environment have been widely studied. However, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of DSSC is low in practical application. How to improve efficiency is a difficult problem we need to solve. Semiconductor TiO_2 is the main photoanode material for dye sensitized solar cells, which has rich raw materials and low cost. It is very important to improve the performance of TiO_2 photoanode for improving the photoconversion efficiency of dye sensitized solar cells. In this paper, the structure of TiO_2 photoanode is optimized. Improve the optical absorption capacity and electron transmission rate of the photoanode film, Further improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of DSSC. The detailed research contents are as follows: 1 / 1 au / Ag nanoparticles / line surface plasmon resonance enhanced DSSC photoelectric properties. Two-dimensional TiO_2 nanocrystals, three-dimensional TiO_2 microspheres and three-dimensional TiO_2 hollow spheres were prepared by hydrothermal method. A novel double-layer TiO_2 thin film was prepared by scraper method. The bottom layer is a connecting layer, which consists of anatase TiO_2 nanoparticles with small grain size. The top layer is a multifunctional layer, including microspheres. Au/Ag nanostructures were introduced into the top layer of TiO_2 photoanode film. The effects of the doping of gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, gold nanowires and silver nanowires on the photovoltaic properties of dyestuff sensitized solar cells were investigated systematically. The results show that the doping of au / Ag nanostructures can make the photovoltaic properties of solar cells sensitized by the doping of au / Ag nanostructures. The energy conversion efficiency of the cells based on the TiO_2-AgNW photoanode film was 5.74 and the short-circuit current density Isc was 13.02 mAcm-2, compared with the pure battery of 4.58 and 11.83 mAcm-2. The main reasons for the increase of energy conversion efficiency by 25.3%. Isc and 畏 are: the improved electron transmission rate; Local Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSP) effect induced further improvement of Light absorption and Light scattering. The TiO_2 nanorod arrays / nanowires / microspheres bilayer films are enhanced. One-dimensional TiO_2 nanorods arrays have been prepared by hydrothermal method. A novel TiO_2 nanorod array / nano-wafer-microsphere double-layer photoanode film was prepared by scraper method on two-dimensional TiO_2 nanoparticles and three-dimensional TiO_2 microspheres. The effect of the mass percentage of TiO_2 nanoparticles and microspheres on the photovoltaic performance of the battery is investigated. The results show that the cell exhibits better photoelectric performance when the mass percentage of TiO_2 nanowires is 50. The photovoltaic conversion efficiency is 1.71. This is due to the good optical absorption characteristics, lower carrier recombination rate and faster electron transmission rate of the 50% nanoscale battery. In this paper, two kinds of double-layer TiO_2 photoanode thin films with different structures have been prepared. The effects of the structure, composition and morphology of the double-layer photoanode film on the photovoltaic performance of the cell were investigated. This paper will provide a new research basis for the application of double-layer TiO_2 photoanode film in DSSCs.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM914.4

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