本文關鍵詞： 電動汽車到建筑 能源系統(tǒng) 協(xié)作決策 多目標優(yōu)化 智能社區(qū)　出處：《東華大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著智能電網的發(fā)展,通過實現(xiàn)電動汽車和電網之間的雙向交流-也就是Vehicle-to-Grid(V2G)模式,可以顯著提高電力系統(tǒng)的經濟性能和環(huán)境可持續(xù)性。該模式中,當電動汽車不在運行且有剩余電量的時候,可以通過聯(lián)接到電網將電能輸給電網,反過來,當電動汽車的電池需要充電時,電流可以從電網中提取出來給到電池。因此,V2G模式可以利用電動汽車作為分布式能量存儲單位來協(xié)調用戶對電力的需求、優(yōu)化資源配置和增強電網的調峰能力,從而提高能源的利用效率和保證電力供應的可靠性、靈活性和經濟性。近來,由于電動汽車和智能建筑的廣泛應用,電動汽車到建筑(Vehicle-to-Building,V2B)模式作為V2G模式的一種延伸引起了更大的關注。V2B模式,即利用電動汽車電池容量作為建筑電網的輔助分布式儲能系統(tǒng)。跟V2G模式的原理一樣,V2B模式的一個關鍵特征也是雙向能源輸送機制,該機制使得電動汽車既可以從建筑能源系統(tǒng)中吸收電能也可以向建筑能源系統(tǒng)反饋電能,從而提高整個能源系統(tǒng)的能源使用效率。在通信技術的輔助下,V2B模式下的能源輸送可以控制在一個智能的方式下以提高電網穩(wěn)定性同時降低建筑和電動汽車的用能成本。盡管基于V2B模式的分布式能源系統(tǒng)有如上的優(yōu)勢,但是很少有研究著眼于研究和開發(fā)最優(yōu)化的運營策略來優(yōu)化這個能源系統(tǒng)的運營成本并探討一些關鍵因素對整個能源系統(tǒng)的成本節(jié)約的影響。針對這一研究的漏洞,本文提出了基于V2B模式的分布式能源系統(tǒng)的協(xié)作式決策模型。在這個分布式能源系統(tǒng)中,建筑和電動汽車充電站不僅都有自己的能源需求,還都有自己的供能系統(tǒng)和能源存儲系統(tǒng)。針對該V2B分布式能源系統(tǒng)的決策目標,主要是要實現(xiàn)最小化運營成本,其中包括能源的使用成本和碳排放的成本。在本文中,我們構建了一個協(xié)作式決策模型,用來求解針對該分布式能源系統(tǒng)所建立的多目標優(yōu)化問題,從而得到最終的Pareto最優(yōu)解。為了驗證協(xié)作式決策模型的有效性,我們分析了不同電價機制下,協(xié)作運營策略和非協(xié)作運營策略在運營成本上的表現(xiàn)。通過對不同運營策略的對比分析,我們得到了基于V2B模式的分布式能源系統(tǒng)的協(xié)作運營比非協(xié)作運營能夠更顯著的降低運營成本。而且無論是協(xié)作運營還是非協(xié)作運營,實時電價機制下運營成本都要低于固定電價機制下的運營成本。最后,針對V2B分布式能源系統(tǒng)在實時電價下的協(xié)作運營,我們分析了車主的充電行為、地理位置和建筑類型對該能源系統(tǒng)運營成本節(jié)約的影響。本文的研究結果對未來智能社區(qū)/城市設計提供了非常有價值的見解和依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:With the development of smart grid, the V2G mode is realized by two-way communication between electric vehicle and power grid, that is, Vehicle-to-GridCon V2G. It can significantly improve the economic performance and environmental sustainability of the power system. In this model, when the electric vehicle is not in operation and there is surplus power, it can be connected to the power grid to lose electricity to the power grid, in turn. When the battery of an electric vehicle needs to be recharged, the current can be extracted from the power grid to give it to the battery. Therefore, the V2G mode can use the electric vehicle as a distributed energy storage unit to coordinate the power demand of users. Optimization of resource allocation and enhancement of the peak shaving capacity of the power grid, thereby improving energy efficiency and ensuring reliability, flexibility and economy of power supply. Recently, due to the widespread use of electric vehicles and intelligent buildings. As an extension of V2G model, electric vehicle to building vehicle (V2B) model has attracted more attention. As the principle of V2G mode, a key feature of V2B mode is bidirectional energy transmission mechanism. This mechanism can not only absorb electric energy from the building energy system but also feedback the energy to the building energy system so as to improve the energy efficiency of the whole energy system. Energy transmission in V2B mode can be controlled in an intelligent way to improve power grid stability while reducing the energy cost of buildings and electric vehicles. Advantages. However, few studies have focused on optimizing the operating costs of the energy system by researching and developing optimal operational strategies and exploring the impact of some key factors on the cost savings of the energy system as a whole. The hole. This paper presents a collaborative decision model of distributed energy system based on V2B model. In this distributed energy system, both building and electric vehicle charging stations have their own energy requirements. Also have their own energy supply system and energy storage system. For the V2B distributed energy system decision-making goal is to achieve the goal of minimizing operating costs. In this paper, we construct a collaborative decision model to solve the multi-objective optimization problem for the distributed energy system. In order to verify the validity of the cooperative decision model, we analyze the different pricing mechanisms. The performance of cooperative operation strategy and non-cooperative operation strategy in operation cost. We get that the cooperative operation of the distributed energy system based on V2B model can significantly reduce the operating cost compared with the non-cooperative operation, and whether cooperative operation or non-cooperative operation. The operating cost under the real-time electricity price mechanism is lower than the operating cost under the fixed electricity price mechanism. Finally, in view of the cooperative operation of the V2B distributed energy system under the real-time electricity price, we analyze the charging behavior of the vehicle owner. The influence of geographical location and building type on the operation cost saving of the energy system. The results of this paper provide valuable insights and basis for the future intelligent community / city design.
【學位授予單位】：東華大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM61;TM732

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