本文關(guān)鍵詞： 變壓器 匝間短路 電能損耗 在線監(jiān)測 仿真　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)和科技的不斷蓬勃發(fā)展,人們生產(chǎn)生活水平逐漸水漲船高,由此帶來了穩(wěn)恒的電力需求增長。電力跟人類的生活及生產(chǎn)息息相關(guān),電力系統(tǒng)的安全可靠運(yùn)行直接關(guān)系到社會的穩(wěn)定健康發(fā)展。電力系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的可靠性是一個多方面因素的影響的結(jié)果,而電力變壓器是電力系統(tǒng)的心臟,在電能的傳輸過程中發(fā)揮著不可替代的作用,其穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行幾乎直接關(guān)系到整個電力系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的可靠性,而變壓器容易因各種原因而造成故障。根據(jù)國內(nèi)外運(yùn)行經(jīng)驗(yàn)和統(tǒng)計資料來看,變壓器中最容易出現(xiàn)故障的部件為結(jié)構(gòu)最復(fù)雜的繞組部分,由繞組損壞引起的變壓器故障占所有變壓器總故障的60%-70%,且變壓器繞組部分的絕緣缺陷或者外因造成的失效是變壓器繞組產(chǎn)生問題的最直接原因,由此看來,對變壓器繞組匝間短路進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)研究,分析其產(chǎn)生機(jī)理、相關(guān)影響因素并制定相關(guān)的防范措施相關(guān)的工作亟待展開。在理論研究的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步研制出變壓器繞組匝間短路在線監(jiān)測裝置,在變壓器發(fā)生輕微匝間短路故障時即進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確預(yù)警,由監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)及時及實(shí)時的將故障信息上傳至后臺調(diào)度中心,運(yùn)維人員結(jié)合故障診斷結(jié)果,對變壓器采取相應(yīng)的防范措施,防止因變壓器故障帶來的不必要經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。目前已出現(xiàn)了較多的變壓器匝間短路監(jiān)測方法,各種方法均具有其特色,并在特定的場合取得了一定應(yīng)用效果。常見方法如漏電感法、電壓電流比法以及溶解氣體分析等方法等,從經(jīng)濟(jì)性、有效性及實(shí)時性等綜合考慮來看不如在線監(jiān)測方法。總的來說,在線監(jiān)測是一種發(fā)展趨勢。本文首先總結(jié)了國內(nèi)外有關(guān)變壓器匝間短路在線監(jiān)測研究現(xiàn)狀,并對各種檢測方法的原理和優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了描述,在綜合對比分析情況下,選擇了基于功率損耗法的在線監(jiān)測方法。首先對變壓器匝間短路前后時變壓器兩端電流電壓變化特性以及變壓器本體損耗變化進(jìn)行了重點(diǎn)分析,分析得出匝間短路會帶來額外的有功損耗,而且匝間短路程度越重,那么損耗越大,故障相的損耗遠(yuǎn)高于非故障相。利用該原理研制了變壓器匝間短路在線監(jiān)測裝置,該裝置實(shí)時采集變壓器高低壓端各相功率,以小時為單位計算各相電能損耗情況,在下位機(jī)上通過無線GPRS無線方式將計算結(jié)果發(fā)送至中心主站,在主站系統(tǒng)上利用"模糊數(shù)學(xué)"、"專家系統(tǒng)"等系統(tǒng)對上傳結(jié)果進(jìn)行智能分析,給出故障情況即嚴(yán)重程度,如果某相故障超出了預(yù)設(shè)閾值,則發(fā)出報警信號,通知運(yùn)維人員采取相關(guān)措施。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and science and technology, people's production and living standard is rising gradually, which brings steady demand for electricity, which is closely related to human life and production. The safe and reliable operation of power system is directly related to the stable and healthy development of society. The reliability of power system operation is the result of many factors, and power transformer is the heart of power system. It plays an irreplaceable role in the process of electric energy transmission, and its stable operation is almost directly related to the reliability of the whole power system. The transformer is prone to failure due to various reasons. According to the domestic and foreign operation experience and statistical data, the most vulnerable component of the transformer is the most complex winding part. The transformer faults caused by winding damage account for 60-70 of all the transformer faults, and the insulation defects in the transformer windings or the failure caused by external causes are the most direct causes of the transformer winding problems. From this point of view, the transformer winding inter-turn short circuit focus on research, analysis of its mechanism, related factors and the development of relevant preventive measures related to the work to be carried out. On the basis of theoretical research. Furthermore, an on-line monitoring device for transformer winding inter-turn short circuit is developed, which can accurately warn the transformer in the event of slight inter-turn short circuit fault. The monitoring system uploads the fault information to the background dispatching center in time and in real time, and the operation and maintenance personnel take the corresponding preventive measures to the transformer combined with the fault diagnosis results. To prevent unnecessary economic loss caused by transformer fault, there have been many methods of transformer inter-turn short circuit monitoring, all of which have their own characteristics. The common methods, such as leakage inductance method, voltage current ratio method and dissolved gas analysis method, are economical. Overall, on-line monitoring is a development trend. Firstly, this paper summarizes the domestic and foreign research status of transformer inter-turn short-circuit on-line monitoring. The principle, advantages and disadvantages of the various detection methods are described, and in the case of comprehensive comparative analysis. The on-line monitoring method based on power loss method is selected. Firstly, the characteristics of transformer current and voltage changes and transformer body loss changes before and after inter-turn short circuit are analyzed. The analysis shows that inter-turn short circuit will bring extra active power loss, and the greater the inter-turn short circuit, the greater the loss. The loss of fault phase is much higher than that of non-fault phase. Based on this principle, an on-line monitoring device for transformer inter-turn short circuit is developed, which can collect the power of each phase at the high and low voltage end of transformer in real time. The power loss of each phase is calculated in an hour unit. The calculation results are sent to the central master station by wireless GPRS wireless mode on the lower computer, and "fuzzy mathematics" is used on the master station system. "expert system" and other systems carry on intelligent analysis to upload result, give fault condition namely serious degree, if a certain phase fault exceeds preset threshold, send out alarm signal, inform the operator to take relevant measures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM407

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