本文關(guān)鍵詞：具有分級結(jié)構(gòu)的生物質(zhì)多孔炭的制備及其電化學(xué)電容性質(zhì)研究　出處：《南昌航空大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 氮摻雜 多孔炭 分級結(jié)構(gòu) 超級電容器 電極材料

【摘要】：能源問題是全世界都關(guān)心的一個主題,并且隨著全球經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展會更加重視這一問題。世界的發(fā)展和經(jīng)濟的全球化、現(xiàn)代化,離不開化石能源,如石油、天然氣、煤炭的廣泛應(yīng)用。全世界對工業(yè)化速度的追求,導(dǎo)致了能源的消耗速度也大大加快,據(jù)相關(guān)報道,化石能源在21世紀上半世紀將會嚴重匱乏,全球能源危機問題將會日益突出。此外,化石燃料的使用還導(dǎo)致了嚴重的環(huán)境問題。能源危機和環(huán)境問題對人類的生存和發(fā)展直接構(gòu)成威脅。因此,發(fā)展可持續(xù)的清潔能源和研究先進能源存儲技術(shù)已成為一個非常緊迫的問題,超級電容器的出現(xiàn)為可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供了可能。超級電容器是一種獨特的電能存儲設(shè)備,不僅能提供的能量密度比傳統(tǒng)電容器大幾個數(shù)量級,而且比傳統(tǒng)電池具有更高的功率密度和更好的循環(huán)性能。電極材料對超級電容器的性能起到至關(guān)重要的作用。近年來,以生物質(zhì)為碳源,是該領(lǐng)域的一個研究熱點。本論文以三種生物質(zhì)材料為前驅(qū)體,通過不同的合成方法制備出多種不同形貌、結(jié)構(gòu)的多孔碳材料,并對其電容性能進行了研究。1.以柚子皮為原料,采用冷凍干燥保持柚子皮原有微結(jié)構(gòu),在此基礎(chǔ)上,通過炭化、KOH活化獲得了泡沫狀炭片,通過SEM觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)該炭片是由孔徑約為20μm的炭管相互交聯(lián)在一起組成的。將該炭片直接作為工作電極進行電化學(xué)測試,結(jié)果表明,在6M KOH溶液中,在電流密度為1 Ag~（-1）條件下比容量高達338 Fg~（-1）;當(dāng)電流密度達到20 Ag~（-1）,比容量仍有200 Fg~（-1）。此外,炭片組成的對稱超級電容器在功率密度為250 Wkg~（-1）時能量密度為11.05 Whkg~（-1）。該電容器在電流密度為5 Ag~（-1）時經(jīng)過5000次充放電循環(huán)后,其容量只降低2.4%,說明由炭片組成的對稱超級電容器具有良好的循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性。2.以胖大海為碳源,采用水熱炭化獲得前驅(qū)體,再用KOH對其進一步活化,獲得氮摻雜的多孔炭。通過改變活化溫度或活化劑與前驅(qū)體的比例,結(jié)果表明當(dāng)活化溫度為800oC、活化劑與前驅(qū)體的比例為1時,獲得的多孔炭具有最優(yōu)的電化學(xué)性能。當(dāng)電流密度為1 Ag~（-1）比容量高達337 Fg~（-1）。當(dāng)電流密度增加到50 Ag~（-1）時,比容量仍保持有181.5 Fg~（-1）。該多孔炭材料組裝成的對稱電容器在電流密度為20 Ag~（-1）時經(jīng)過10000次充放電循環(huán)后,其容量保持率高達98%。研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)該多孔炭材料所具備的優(yōu)異的電化學(xué)性能主要歸因于材料的分級多孔結(jié)構(gòu)、窄的孔徑分布、合理的微/介孔比例以及N原子的摻雜。3.以桂花為原料,采用水熱炭化獲得水熱炭,再用KOH對其進一步活化,獲得蜂窩狀的多孔炭。通過改變活化劑與水熱炭的比例,結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)活化劑與水熱炭的比例為2:1時,獲得的蜂窩狀多孔炭具有最優(yōu)的電化學(xué)性能。當(dāng)電流密度為1 Ag~（-1）比容量高達262 Fg~（-1）。蜂窩狀多孔炭組成的對稱電容器的容量從1 Ag~（-1）的70 Fg~（-1）降低到20 Ag~（-1）的60.2 Fg~（-1）,容量保持率高達85.7%,說明其具有良好的倍率性能。此外,在20 Ag~（-1）的電流密度下經(jīng)過10000次充放電循環(huán),容量僅損失1.6%,說明對稱電容器具有良好的循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性。
[Abstract]:The energy problem is a topic all over the world are concerned, and with the development of the global economy will pay more attention to this problem. The development of the world and economic globalization, modernization, cannot do without fossil fuels, such as petroleum, natural gas, coal is widely used. The industrialization speed of the pursuit of the whole world, resulting in energy the consumption rate is greatly accelerated, according to reports, the fossil energy in the first half of twenty-first Century will be in serious shortage of global energy crisis will become increasingly prominent. In addition, the use of fossil fuels has led to serious environmental problems. The energy crisis and environmental problems to human survival and development of the direct threat. Therefore, the development of sustainable clean study on energy and advanced energy storage technology has become a very urgent problem, the super capacitor provides the possibility for sustainable development. The super capacitor is a unique The electric energy storage device, not only can provide high energy density than conventional capacitors several orders of magnitude, the cycle performance and has higher power density and better than conventional batteries. The performance of super capacitor electrode materials play a crucial role. In recent years, with the biomass as a carbon source, is a the research focus in the field. In this paper, three kinds of biomass materials as precursors by different synthesis methods were prepared by different kinds of morphology, structure of porous carbon materials, and the capacitance properties were studied by.1. pomelo peel as raw material, using freeze drying to maintain the grapefruit skin micro structure on the basis of the original., through carbonization, activation of KOH obtained foamy carbon films, observed by SEM found that the carbon sheet is composed of an aperture is about 20 m of the carbon tube cross-linking together. The carbon plate is directly used as the working electrode for electrochemical test. The results show that in 6M KOH solution, the current density of 1 Ag~ (-1) under the condition of high specific capacity of 338 Fg~ (-1); when the current density reaches 20 Ag~ (-1), 200 Fg~ (-1) specific capacity. In addition, the super capacitor carbon film composed of symmetry in power density 250 Wkg~ (-1) when the energy density of 11.05 Whkg~ (-1). The capacitor at a current density of 5 Ag~ (-1) after 5000 cycles, the capacity decreased only 2.4%, indicating the super capacitor consists of a carbon film with symmetric.2. good cycling stability using seed as carbon source. To obtain the precursor by hydrothermal carbonization, and activation of the KOH further, obtain nitrogen doped porous carbon. By changing the activation temperature and activation agents and precursors of the proportion, the result shows that when the activation temperature is 800oC, activation agents and precursors of the proportion is 1, porous carbon obtained has excellent electrochemical performance when the current density is 1. Ag~ (-1) than the capacity of up to 337 Fg~ (-1). When the current density increased to 50 Ag~ (-1), the capacity remains 181.5 Fg~ (-1). The symmetric capacitor of the porous carbon materials assembled at a current density of 20 Ag~ (-1) after 10000 cycles, the capacity retention rate of 98%. results showed that the electrochemical performance of the porous structure of porous carbon material with excellent material is mainly attributed to the narrow pore size distribution, reasonable micro / mesoporous ratio and N doping.3. with sweet scented osmanthus as raw material, hydrothermal carbon by hydrothermal carbonization, and KOH further activation of the porous carbon honeycomb. By changing the proportion of activated carbon, agent and water heat. The results show that when the activator and hot water carbon ratio is 2:1, the electrochemical properties of honeycomb porous carbon obtained is optimal. When the current density is 1 Ag~ (-1) than the capacity of up to 262 Fg~ (-1 ). Symmetric capacitor composed of the honeycomb porous carbon capacity from 1 Ag~ (-1) 70 Fg~ (-1) reduced to 20 Ag~ (-1) 60.2 Fg~ (-1), the capacity retention rate of 85.7%, indicating a good rate capability. In addition, in 20 Ag~ (-1) current density after 10000 cycles, the capacity loss is only 1.6%, that asymmetric capacitor has a good cycle stability.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌航空大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ127.11;TM53

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