本文關鍵詞：新型燃氣輪機再熱聯(lián)合循環(huán)發(fā)電關鍵技術研究　出處：《華北電力大學(北京)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 燃氣輪機 再熱循環(huán) 效率提升 實驗臺搭建 高壓燃燒

【摘要】：盡管近年來我國經(jīng)濟增長速度趨緩,但是GDP仍然保持6%以上的增速,能源需求量依然穩(wěn)步增長。同時,我國能源結構存在不合理的地方。根據(jù)《BP中國能源統(tǒng)計年鑒》的數(shù)據(jù),2015年我國煤炭消費總體呈下降趨勢,但是仍然占一次能源消費量的63.7%;能源消費對石油的依賴有所降低,原油消費量占總量的18.6%;核能、水力發(fā)電和其他可再生能源的消費量占12%左右;值得注意的是,消費量長期徘徊在2%左右的天然氣,2015年上升至5.9%。說明國家對天然氣發(fā)電技術的重視。然而,煤炭在我國一次能源消費中的比例依然占主導地位。有專家預測,今后20年內(nèi),這種主導地位將繼續(xù)保持。這個問題不僅從戰(zhàn)略角度上困擾著我們,在環(huán)境上也不容小覷。近年來,霧霾的陰影在我國大地上揮之不去,對人民群眾的身體健康造成威脅。作為一種發(fā)電形式,天然氣發(fā)電是相對潔凈、高效的發(fā)電形式。燃氣輪機以及蒸汽-燃氣聯(lián)合循環(huán)具有低排放、系統(tǒng)循環(huán)熱效率高、運行靈活和變負荷響應快等特點�；诮�(jīng)濟發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和國際競爭的需求,世界上許多國家都將各國科技研發(fā)和裝備制造業(yè)技術開發(fā)的重點轉到了先進的燃氣輪機技術上。先進燃氣輪機技術是一個國家綜合經(jīng)濟技術實力的象征。因此大力發(fā)展燃氣輪機發(fā)電技術是目前解決能源問題的一種重要手段。本文根據(jù)一項國家發(fā)明專利,利用燃氣燃燒“非熱表面”再熱技術,提高燃氣輪機燃燒室進氣壓力,同時采用燃氣“二次再熱”和“中間冷卻”手段,通過靈活的軸系布置,得到了一種新型燃氣輪機再熱循環(huán)發(fā)電技術。該系統(tǒng)具有運行靈活,啟停速度快,效率高等特點,超過目前運用設備的整體效率3%-5%。文章首先對該系統(tǒng)基本原理和應用手段進行詳細的熱力學分析。將該新型燃氣輪機再熱發(fā)電技術分別應用到燃氣-蒸汽聯(lián)合循環(huán)(Gas-Steam Turbine Combined Cycle,簡稱GTCC)發(fā)電技術、大容量壓縮空氣儲能(Compressed Air Energy Storage,簡稱CAES)高效發(fā)電系統(tǒng)和整體煤氣化聯(lián)合循環(huán)(Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle,簡稱IGCC)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中,并對新建立的三個系統(tǒng)進行詳細的熱力學計算,針對三個新系統(tǒng)的不同參數(shù)的變化以及變工況情況進行了優(yōu)化。優(yōu)化后的三個新系統(tǒng),比目前應用最廣泛的F級燃氣輪機為主要設備的燃氣循環(huán)發(fā)電技術的效率分別高出3.74%、9.37%和2.86%,并得到了最優(yōu)化的參數(shù)。接著針對新系統(tǒng)燃燒室高壓力燃燒的這一情況,設計并校核了燃氣輪機高壓燃燒實驗平臺。該平臺具有高安全性、高可靠性以及多功能性。可以針對不同壓力、流量、旋流器、噴嘴和氣體種類進行燃燒實驗。在這一章中,對燃燒器、燃氣供給系統(tǒng)、電控系統(tǒng)、機械系統(tǒng)以及安全系統(tǒng)進行了詳細的設計計算和校核,改進并優(yōu)化了實驗臺,并全程參與搭建工作。最后,針對燃氣輪機高壓燃燒實驗平臺進行了燃燒研究。用數(shù)值計算和實驗兩種方法研究了不同壓力下燃燒和污染物排放的規(guī)律,并進一步研究了在高壓下不同功率和不同當量比下的燃燒和污染物排放規(guī)律。針對煙氣再熱循環(huán),還研究了煙氣摻混對高壓燃燒的影響。并對今后準備改建的多種旋流器進行了模擬分析,為接下來的實驗和研究工作打下基礎。本文主要創(chuàng)新點是建立了新型燃氣輪機再熱循環(huán)熱力系統(tǒng),針對其應用在燃氣-蒸汽聯(lián)合循環(huán)、大規(guī)模壓縮空氣儲能發(fā)電技術和整體煤氣化聯(lián)合循環(huán)發(fā)電技術中,進行了詳細的熱力系統(tǒng)計算,優(yōu)化后的系統(tǒng)比目前應用的發(fā)電循環(huán)效率有了顯著提升。并對燃氣輪機在高壓下的燃燒和污染物排放規(guī)律以及摻混再熱煙氣對燃燒的影響進行了實驗和數(shù)值研究。
[Abstract]:Although China's economic growth rate has slowed down in recent years, but GDP still maintain more than 6% growth rate, energy demand is still growing steadily. At the same time, China's energy structure is not reasonable. According to the data, in 2015 the overall coal consumption in China showed a downward trend, but still in total energy the consumption of 63.7%; energy consumption reduced dependence on oil, crude oil consumption accounted for 18.6% of the total consumption; nuclear, hydropower and other renewable energy accounted for about 12%; it is worth noting that long-term consumption of hovering at about 2% of the natural gas, in 2015 rose to 5.9%. explain the importance of natural gas power generation technology. However, the proportion of coal in primary energy consumption in China is still dominant. Some experts predict that in the next 20 years, will continue to maintain this dominant position. This problem not only from the strategic angle The degree to haunt us, in the environment can not be underestimated. In recent years, the haze lingering in our country, a threat to people's health. As a form of power generation, natural gas power generation is relatively clean and efficient form. The gas turbine and steam gas combined cycle with low emissions system, high thermal efficiency, flexible operation and fast load response characteristics. The strategy of economic development and international competition based on the needs of many countries in the world will be the focus of technological development and equipment manufacturing technology to the advanced gas turbine technology. Advanced gas turbine technology is a symbol of national economy technical strength. So promoting the development of gas turbine power generation technology is an important means to solve the energy problem at present. In this paper, according to a national invention patent, the use of gas burning" Non thermal surface reheat technology, improve the inlet pressure of gas turbine, and the gas "two reheat" and "cooling" means, through the flexible shaft arrangement, has been a new type of gas turbine reheat cycle power generation technology. The system has the advantages of flexible operation, start stop speed, high efficiency, more than the use of equipment overall efficiency of 3%-5%. firstly carried out a detailed analysis of the thermodynamics of the system principle and application method. The new type of gas turbine power generation technology are applied to reheat gas steam combined cycle (Gas-Steam Turbine Combined Cycle, referred to as GTCC) power generation technology, large capacity of compressed air energy storage (Compressed Air Energy Storage, referred to as CAES), power system and integrated gasification combined cycle (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle, referred to as IGCC) in power system, and the establishment of new The three systems detailed thermodynamic calculation, according to the changes of different parameters of three new systems and conditions were optimized. Three new optimized system, than the efficiency of gas cycle power generation technologies currently used most widely F gas turbine as the main equipment were up 3.74%, 9.37% and 2.86%, and the optimized parameters were obtained. Then according to the situation of high pressure combustion chamber combustion system, designed and checked the combustion gas turbine high pressure experimental platform. The platform has the advantages of high safety, high reliability and versatility. According to the different pressure, flow, swirler, nozzle and combustion gases the experiment. In this chapter, the burner, gas supply system, electric control system, mechanical system and safety system design detailed calculation and verification, improvement and optimization of the experimental platform, and full participation in a The building work. Finally, the experimental platform of high-pressure combustion gas turbine combustion were studied. The combustion and pollutant emission regularity under different pressure was studied by numerical calculation and experiments of two kinds of methods, and further studied under high pressure of different power and different equivalent ratio of combustion and pollutant emissions under the law. On the basis of flue gas reheat cycle, also study on the gas mixing effect on high-pressure combustion. And the variety of the cyclone in the future to prepare for reconstruction are simulated and analyzed, and lay the foundation for the next experiment and research work. The innovation of this paper is to establish a new type of gas turbine reheat cycle thermal system, for its application in gas - steam combined cycle, compressed air mass energy storage and power generation technology integrated gasification combined cycle power generation technology, the calculation of thermodynamic system with the optimized system than currently used on power generation Ring efficiency has been significantly improved. The combustion and pollutant emission rules of gas turbine under high pressure and the influence of mixed reheated flue gas on combustion are experimentally and numerically studied.

【學位授予單位】：華北電力大學(北京)
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM611.31

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