本文關(guān)鍵詞：斬波串級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)暫態(tài)過程分析及控制與保護(hù)研究　出處：《華北電力大學(xué)(北京)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 斬波串級(jí)調(diào)速 啟動(dòng)特性 網(wǎng)壓跌落 暫態(tài)分析 電子保護(hù)電路

【摘要】：定子側(cè)變頻調(diào)速和轉(zhuǎn)子側(cè)串級(jí)調(diào)速均屬于現(xiàn)代交流調(diào)速技術(shù),變頻調(diào)速從電機(jī)定子側(cè)接入,電機(jī)輸出的功率需要全部流過變頻器,稱為全功率控制;由于高壓大功率電機(jī)的電流或電壓很高,所以需要很好的解決電力電子元件并聯(lián)技術(shù)或串聯(lián)技術(shù)。串級(jí)調(diào)速設(shè)備從電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子側(cè)接入,其控制的功率為電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)差功率,最大僅為電機(jī)額定功率的14.815%,電機(jī)在50%額定轉(zhuǎn)速時(shí),轉(zhuǎn)子電壓僅為轉(zhuǎn)子開路電壓的50%,并且隨著轉(zhuǎn)速的升高,轉(zhuǎn)子電壓降低,通常轉(zhuǎn)子電壓低于1k V,相比于變頻器的6kV或10k V電壓等級(jí),則屬于低壓范疇,設(shè)備費(fèi)用低廉,自身損耗小于電機(jī)額定功率的1%,對(duì)運(yùn)行環(huán)境要求較低,只需放置在普通廠房即可。斬波串級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、安全穩(wěn)定、可靠性高,即使串級(jí)調(diào)速設(shè)備調(diào)速過程中出現(xiàn)故障,異步電機(jī)可以完全脫離斬波串級(jí)調(diào)速裝置轉(zhuǎn)換到轉(zhuǎn)子短接全速運(yùn)行,因而,斬波串級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)在高壓大功率電機(jī)調(diào)速方面具有獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢(shì)。目前對(duì)斬波串級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的研究主要側(cè)重于原理性理論研究和仿真建模研究并與工程應(yīng)用結(jié)合很少。由于缺乏系統(tǒng)性的靜態(tài)、動(dòng)態(tài)和暫態(tài)特性研究,系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)、控制保護(hù)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)缺乏基礎(chǔ),造成長期以來斬波串級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定性、可靠性得不到保證。論文首次針對(duì)斬波串級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)和暫態(tài)特性進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的深入研究和分析并給出結(jié)果,研究和設(shè)計(jì)了可靠地控制保護(hù)系統(tǒng),結(jié)合工程實(shí)踐確認(rèn)了上述研究和設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果的正確性,主要開展了以下研究工作:1、系統(tǒng)全面的分析了斬波串級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)正常啟動(dòng)和正常調(diào)速時(shí)的動(dòng)態(tài)過程。由于繞線式異步電機(jī)啟動(dòng)特性與轉(zhuǎn)子回路串接電阻阻值有直接關(guān)系,根據(jù)簡(jiǎn)化的電機(jī)機(jī)械特性公式,繪制出不同阻值對(duì)應(yīng)的電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩-轉(zhuǎn)速曲線;針對(duì)風(fēng)機(jī)、泵類平方轉(zhuǎn)矩負(fù)載,提出了較精確的繞線式異步電機(jī)啟動(dòng)電阻阻值和電機(jī)啟動(dòng)時(shí)間的計(jì)算方法�；跁簯B(tài)分析,計(jì)算出了斬波串級(jí)調(diào)速主回路各主要電參數(shù)之間的輸入輸出關(guān)系,對(duì)電感電流和電容電壓的紋波特性進(jìn)行了分析和計(jì)算。2、根據(jù)異步電機(jī)等效電路、參數(shù)折算以及斬波串級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)分析,建立了等效的直流電路;根據(jù)建立的等效直流電路建立了斬波串級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)關(guān)系的雙輸入雙輸出三階變參數(shù)非線性微分方程組;根據(jù)狀態(tài)方程,建立系統(tǒng)的暫態(tài)特性結(jié)構(gòu)框圖。分析了負(fù)載擾動(dòng)時(shí)斬波串級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)速和電流的動(dòng)態(tài)變化過程及幅度和恢復(fù)時(shí)間等抗擾動(dòng)性能,并進(jìn)行仿真驗(yàn)證,對(duì)比了不同穩(wěn)定工況下負(fù)載擾動(dòng)前后的動(dòng)態(tài)變化峰值、恢復(fù)時(shí)間以及穩(wěn)定后的數(shù)據(jù);分析了輕載和過載工況時(shí)斬波串級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行特點(diǎn),以及對(duì)設(shè)備內(nèi)器件的影響。進(jìn)行了網(wǎng)壓跌落瞬間斬波串級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的暫態(tài)分析,并提出了網(wǎng)壓跌落的應(yīng)對(duì)措施。3、全面系統(tǒng)分析了調(diào)速設(shè)備內(nèi)部多種電力電子器件不同故障時(shí)斬波串級(jí)調(diào)速的暫態(tài)特性。首先分析了整流橋故障,根據(jù)二極管燒斷的情況,分別分析了單管燒斷、同側(cè)兩只二極管燒斷以及不同側(cè)不同橋臂的兩只二極管燒斷的多種情況;分別分析了IGBT和逆阻二極管斷路和短路的故障情況和故障后的暫態(tài)波形,以及故障后對(duì)其他器件的影響;分析了斬波串級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)逆變橋內(nèi)晶閘管故障,單只晶閘管斷路和短路兩種故障下的暫態(tài)波形分析。針對(duì)高壓停電現(xiàn)象,分析了斬波串級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的暫態(tài)過程,并進(jìn)行了理論計(jì)算。4、對(duì)斬波串級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)內(nèi)關(guān)鍵器件快恢復(fù)二極管特性進(jìn)行深入分析,提出了一種新的快恢復(fù)二極管建模方法,建立了精確的數(shù)學(xué)模型。對(duì)IGBT器件基本結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理進(jìn)行了全面分析,建立精確的IGBT開通關(guān)斷過程數(shù)學(xué)模型;建立的IGBT器件模型可以完全表征實(shí)際器件開關(guān)暫態(tài)時(shí)電壓、電流的動(dòng)態(tài)變化過程以及器件的工作特性,并且能在一定程度上反映器件的開關(guān)特性對(duì)系統(tǒng)的影響。5、分析了斬波串級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)與水阻啟動(dòng)單元串聯(lián)和并聯(lián)連接方式的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn);針對(duì)并聯(lián)方式和串聯(lián)方式分別設(shè)計(jì)了斬波串級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的啟動(dòng)控制邏輯。在串聯(lián)方式的基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)了啟動(dòng)直接進(jìn)調(diào)速的控制及故障控制邏輯,解決了斬波串級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)不能啟動(dòng)直接進(jìn)調(diào)速的問題�；跁簯B(tài)特性分析,首次提出了基于毫秒級(jí)分辨率合理的斬波串級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的狀態(tài)投切控制邏輯,主要包括:全速轉(zhuǎn)調(diào)速控制邏輯、調(diào)速轉(zhuǎn)全速控制邏輯、調(diào)速停車控制邏輯,該邏輯經(jīng)試驗(yàn)樣機(jī)波形測(cè)試,并得以工程應(yīng)用驗(yàn)證了其正確性�；跀夭ù�(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)調(diào)速故障下的暫態(tài)特性分析,提出毫秒級(jí)分辨的接觸器動(dòng)作保護(hù)邏輯和快切保護(hù)邏輯�；谟性茨孀兤黝嵏补收�、高壓失電、瞬時(shí)停電和供電線路快切的暫態(tài)特性分析,提出了接觸器動(dòng)作保護(hù)與電子保護(hù)相結(jié)合的保護(hù)方法,并給出了電子保護(hù)電路器件的選型依據(jù)。最后根據(jù)斬波串級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)態(tài)情況下的主回路動(dòng)態(tài)特性與系統(tǒng)調(diào)速特性、機(jī)械特性建立其狀態(tài)平均方法下的微分方程,并推出了斬波串級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的轉(zhuǎn)速特性,在此基礎(chǔ)上應(yīng)用二階、三階工程最佳法,給出了斬波串級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)速雙閉環(huán)控制以及控制器參數(shù)的工程計(jì)算方法。
[Abstract]:The stator side and rotor side VVVF cascade control belong to modern AC speed regulation technology, frequency control from the motor stator side access, output power of the motor to all through the inverter, control for full power; the current or voltage of high voltage high power motor is very high, so need a good solution to power electronic components or parallel technology tandem cascade speed control technology. Equipment from the rotor side access, the control power of motor slip power, only to a maximum of 14.815% of the rated power of motor, motor in 50% rated speed, rotor voltage rotor voltage is only 50%, and with the increase of rotational speed, the rotor voltage decreases, the rotor voltage is lower than usual 1K V, compared to 6kV or 10K V inverter voltage level, it belongs to the low voltage equipment category, low cost, its loss is less than 1% of the rated power of motor, the operating environment requirements are relatively low, only put You can set in the ordinary plant. Chopper cascade speed control system has the advantages of simple structure, high reliability, safety and stability, even if a fault occurs the cascade speed regulating process equipment, the asynchronous motor can be completely separated from the chopper cascade speed control device converts to short circuited rotor running at full speed, therefore, chopper cascade speed control system has unique advantages in high power motor speed. The present research on chopper cascade speed control system is mainly focused on the principle of theory research and simulation modeling and engineering application with little. Due to the lack of systematic research on static, dynamic and transient characteristics, system design, control and protection system design and the lack of foundation, the operation stability of long chopper cascade speed control the reliability can not be guaranteed. For the first time for chopper cascade speed control system dynamic and transient characteristics of in-depth research and analysis system And the results are given, and the design of reliable control and protection system, the correctness of the results confirmed the above research and design combined with the engineering practice, mainly carried out the following research work: 1 system, a comprehensive analysis of the dynamic process of chopper cascade speed regulation system of normal starting and normal speed. The winding type asynchronous motor starting the characteristics and the rotor circuit resistance has a direct relationship, according to the mechanical characteristics of the motor and simplified formula, draw the different resistance corresponding to the motor torque speed curve; the fan, pump square torque load, puts forward the calculation method of precise winding type asynchronous motor starting resistor and motor start time based on transient. Analysis of the relationship between input and output chopper cascade speed control between the main circuit main electric parameters calculation, ripple characteristics of the inductor current and capacitor voltage are analyzed and calculated. .2, according to the equivalent circuit of asynchronous motor, analysis level control system parameter conversion and chopper cascade, a DC equivalent circuit; according to the equivalent circuit of a double input and double output chopper cascade speed control system of the dynamic relationship between the three order nonlinear differential equations with variable parameters; according to the state equation, the transient characteristics of the structure diagram is established system. Analysis of dynamic change and load disturbance amplitude of chopper cascade speed and current level control system and the recovery time of anti disturbance performance, and simulation, compared the different working condition of dynamic load peak before and after the disturbance, recovery time and stable data; analysis of operating characteristics of light load and overload condition for chopper cascade speed control system, and the influence of device in the equipment is analyzed. The transient voltage sags chopper cascade speed control system, and Put forward measures to deal with the pressure drop of the.3 network, a comprehensive analysis of the transient characteristics of the speed control equipment of power electronic devices within a variety of different fault chopper cascade speed control. First analyzes the fault according to the diode rectifier bridge, burnt, burned tube are analyzed, a variety of ipsilateral two diodes burned and different side different arm burned two diodes; analyzes transient waveforms of fault and fault IGBT and inverse open circuit and short circuit resistance diode after fault, and on other devices; analysis of chopper cascade speed control system fault level inverter in thyristor open circuit and short circuit transient waveform analysis two the single fault thyristor. For high voltage power failure, analysis of the transient process of chopper cascade speed control system, and the theoretical calculation of.4, the key device of chopper cascade speed regulation system in fast recovery The in-depth analysis of complex diode characteristics, proposed fast recovery diode is a new modeling method, establish a precise mathematical model. The basic structure and working principle of IGBT device is analyzed, the establishment of precise IGBT on-off process mathematical model; IGBT model established can fully express the actual switching transient voltage the dynamic process of current, and the device characteristics, and can to some extent reflect the switching characteristic influence on the system of.5, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of chopper cascade speed control system and the water resistance starting unit series and parallel connection; the parallel mode and the series are designed for chopper cascade speed control system start control logic control. Based on the design of the series start directly into control and fault control logic to solve the chopper cascade speed control system The problem can not be started directly into the control. Based on the analysis of transient characteristics, first proposed the reasonable millisecond resolution chopper cascade speed control system state switching control based on logic, including: full rotary speed control logic, the turn at full speed control logic, control logic control parking, the logic test prototype waveform test, and can be the engineering application verifies its correctness. Analysis of transient characteristics of variable speed control system under the fault level on chopper based on proposed contactor protection logic of millisecond resolution and fast switching protection logic. Active inverter subversion fault based on high voltage power failure, analysis of transient characteristics of instantaneous power supply line and fast cutting, puts forward protection method of contactor protection and electronic protection combination, and gives a basis for electronic circuit protection devices selection. According to the steady state level chopper cascade speed control system The main loop dynamic characteristics and speed characteristics of the system, establish the differential equations of the state average method of the mechanical characteristics, and introduced the speed characteristics of chopper cascade speed control system, based on the application of two order, three order engineering optimal method, gives the chopper cascade speed control system speed double closed-loop control and controller parameters the engineering calculation method.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM301.2

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