本文關(guān)鍵詞：中國(guó)水利水電工程發(fā)展綜述

  更多相關(guān)文章： Renewable energy Hydropower Climate change mitigation Impacts of climate change

【摘要】：Hydropower is a clean,renewable,and environmentally friendly source of energy.It produces 3930(TW·h)·a 1,and yields 16% of the world's generated electricity and about 78% of renewable electricity generation(in 2015).Hydropower and climate change show a double relationship.On the one hand,as an important renewable energy resource,hydropower contributes significantly to the avoidance of greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions and to the mitigation of global warming.On the other hand,climate change is likely to alter river discharge,impacting water availability and hydropower generation.Hydropower contributes significantly to the reduction of GHG emissions and to energy supply security.Compared with conventional coal power plants,hydropower prevents the emission of about 3 GT CO2 per year,which represents about 9% of global annual CO2 emissions.Hydropower projects may also have an enabling role beyond the electricity sector,as a financing instrument for multipurpose reservoirs and as an adaptive measure regarding the impacts of climate change on water resources,because regulated basins with large reservoir capacities are more resilient to water resource changes,less vulnerable to climate change,and act as a storage buffer against climate change.At the global level,the overall impact of climate change on existing hydropower generation may be expected to be small,or even slightly positive.However,there is the possibility of substantial variations across regions and even within countries.In conclusion,the general verdict on hydropower is that it is a cheap and mature technology that contributes significantly to climate change mitigation,and could play an important role in the climate change adaptation of water resource availability.However,careful attention is necessary to mitigate the substantial environmental and social costs.Roughly more than a terawatt of capacity could be added in upcoming decades.
【作者單位】： International
【分類號(hào)】：TV74
【正文快照】： 1.IntroductionElectricity is essential for human life,welfare,and sustain-able development.Images of the earth at night show the areasof prosperity—those people with access to electricity.However,about 20%of the world’s population remains in the dark(w

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