本文關(guān)鍵詞：改善不均勻電場(chǎng)的非線性復(fù)合材料研究進(jìn)展，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

第40卷 第3期：637-647 2014年3月31日

DOI: 10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.2014.03.001

高電壓技術(shù)

High Voltage Engineering Vol.40, No.3: 637-647

March 31, 2014

改善不均勻電場(chǎng)的非線性復(fù)合材料研究進(jìn)展

何金良，謝竟成，胡 軍

（清華大學(xué)電機(jī)工程與應(yīng)用電子技術(shù)系電力系統(tǒng)及發(fā)電設(shè)備控制和仿真國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，北京100084）

摘 要：電場(chǎng)分布不均勻現(xiàn)象是高壓電力絕緣設(shè)備及部件廣泛存在的難題，給高壓設(shè)備的設(shè)計(jì)、制造帶來(lái)很大的技術(shù)難度和成本，并且危及設(shè)備長(zhǎng)期運(yùn)行的安全可靠性。采用具有與外加電場(chǎng)相關(guān)的非線性壓敏電導(dǎo)或介電特性的復(fù)合材料，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)材料性能參數(shù)與空間電場(chǎng)大小的自適應(yīng)匹配，達(dá)到智能地改善絕緣介質(zhì)空間電場(chǎng)分布均勻性的效果。為此，詳細(xì)綜述了用于改善電力絕緣不均勻電場(chǎng)分布的非線性電導(dǎo)復(fù)合材料在國(guó)際上的基礎(chǔ)和應(yīng)用研究成果，并指出了該領(lǐng)域預(yù)期的發(fā)展方向是研究兼具非線性電導(dǎo)和介電特性的“smart”復(fù)合材料，實(shí)現(xiàn)自適應(yīng)調(diào)控電力設(shè)備內(nèi)部的電場(chǎng)分布。另外迫切需要揭示納米顆粒與絕緣材料的界面特性及界面模型，為進(jìn)一步調(diào)控絕緣材料的電場(chǎng)特性等提供理論支撐。

關(guān)鍵詞：不均勻電場(chǎng)；復(fù)合材料；非線性電導(dǎo)；非線性介電；無(wú)機(jī)納米顆粒；納米復(fù)合技術(shù)；材料改性

Progress of Nonlinear Polymer Composites for Improving Nonuniform Electrical Fields

HE Jinliang, XIE Jingcheng, HU Jun

(State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power System and Generation Equipments, Department of Electrical Engineering,

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

Abstract：Non-uniform electrical field widely existing in insulation components of power systems brings about great technical difficulty and additional cost, as well as potential harm to reliability of power equipment. The polymer compo-sites with nonlinear conductivity or permittivity that depends on applied electrical fields can smartly smooth the non-uniform electrical fields in insulation components of power systems through fitting material parameters with the electrical fields. We have summarized the worldwide progress and achievements in researching nonlinear polymer com-posites for improving non-uniform electrical fields in detail. Furthermore, we think that the “smart” polymer composites, which have both nonlinear conductivity and nonlinear permittivity, should take the lead so as to adaptively adjust and control the inner electric field distribution of power equipment. On the other hand, the characteristics and models of the interface between nanoparticle and polymer should be revealed, to provide fundamental theory support for further tailor-ing the electrical field property of composite polymers.

Key words：nonuniform electric field; polymer composite; nonlinear conductivity; nonlinear permittivity; inorganic na-no-particle; nanocomposite technology; material modification

0 引言

在高壓、超高壓乃至特高壓交直流輸變電系統(tǒng)(簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)為高壓輸變電系統(tǒng))中，絕緣是其核心問(wèn)題之一，系統(tǒng)電壓等級(jí)越高，絕緣問(wèn)題的重要性和困難度越加顯著。高壓輸變電系統(tǒng)中的絕緣設(shè)備或部件，其自身所承受的電場(chǎng)分布往往極不均勻，例如輸電電纜終端的絕緣部分、各種絕緣子的高壓端部分等，所承受的電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出整體電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度的平均———————

基金資助項(xiàng)目：國(guó)家重點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(973計(jì)劃) (2014CB239504)；國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(51007046)。

Project supported by National Basic Research Program of China (973 Pro-gram) (2014CB239504), National Natural Science Foundation of China (51007046).

值，甚至達(dá)到平均值的數(shù)倍，由此帶來(lái)了一系列設(shè)計(jì)、制造方面的不利影響。另一方面，對(duì)于目前高壓輸變電系統(tǒng)中廣泛采用的有機(jī)聚合物類(lèi)電介質(zhì)材料(硅橡膠、聚氯乙烯、環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂、聚乙烯等)，存在著材料老化的問(wèn)題。普遍而言，由于絕緣設(shè)備或部件自身承受電場(chǎng)分布的不均勻性，電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度較大，尤其是導(dǎo)致出現(xiàn)電暈、局部放電等現(xiàn)象的部位的電介質(zhì)材料，其老化速度往往更快、程度也更為嚴(yán)重，由此對(duì)系統(tǒng)的長(zhǎng)期安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行帶來(lái)更大的威脅。因此，合理改善絕緣設(shè)備或部件整體電場(chǎng)分布的均勻程度、緩和局部的高電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度，可以降低特高壓設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)、制造的技術(shù)難度，，降低電力設(shè)備造價(jià)，

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：改善不均勻電場(chǎng)的非線性復(fù)合材料研究進(jìn)展，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。