對(duì)能源需求的不斷增加是當(dāng)今世界面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)之一,而且這種需求可能很快就會(huì)超過(guò)目前已知的能源轉(zhuǎn)換和存儲(chǔ)技術(shù)（如太陽(yáng)能電池、燃料電池、鋰離子電池和超級(jí)電容器）所能獲得的能量總量。這些裝置的最大輸出效率似乎也已經(jīng)達(dá)到所采用的電化學(xué)材料的固有極限。因此,通過(guò)控制物質(zhì)尺寸、形狀、幾何結(jié)構(gòu)以及可能顯著改善這些電化學(xué)裝置性能的因素來(lái)開(kāi)發(fā)新的電極材料已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)前研究的重點(diǎn)。在已知的電化學(xué)材料中,納米復(fù)合材料由于其獨(dú)特的電子、機(jī)械、物理、化學(xué)和結(jié)構(gòu)特性,為設(shè)計(jì)高性能儲(chǔ)能和能量轉(zhuǎn)換裝置開(kāi)辟了一個(gè)新的研究領(lǐng)域。本論文重點(diǎn)研究了具有不同形貌的納米尺寸多維材料的合成及其電化學(xué)和電催化性能。具體研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:制備了一維聚吡咯納米鏈（PPy-NCs）,并采用氫氧化鉀（KOH）活化及在較低溫度（500-800 ℃ C）下碳化。上述制備的樣品用于高性能超級(jí)電容器和催化氧還原反應(yīng)（ORR）。研究結(jié)果表明:800 ℃ 碳化所得的PPY-NCS-800在2 mV s-1掃描速率下,電解質(zhì)溶液為1.0 M KOH溶液時(shí),其質(zhì)量比電容為1502 F g-1,并且在1500次循環(huán)后的電容保持率為93%。此外,PPy-NCs-80... 

【文章來(lái)源】：大連理工大學(xué)遼寧省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直屬院校

【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】：121 頁(yè)

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
Abstract
List of abbreviations, units and symbols
1 Introduction
    1.1 Supercapacitors
        1.1.1 Comparison between traditional capacitors and supercapacitors
        1.1.2 Supercapacitors characteristic
        1.1.3 Applications of supercapacitors
        1.1.4 Energy storage mechanisms of supercapacitors
        1.1.5 Materials for supercapacitors
        1.1.6 Materials for electric double layer capacitor
        1.1.7 Materials for pseudo capacitors
        1.1.8 Materials for hybrid capacitors
        1.1.9 Importance of multi-dimensional nanomaterials for supercapacitors
    1.2 Fuel Cell
        1.2.1 Electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction （ORR）
        1.2.2 Electrochemical materials for ORR
        1.2.3 Pt-based electrocatalysts
        1.2.4 Non-precious electrocatalysts for ORR
        1.2.5 One-dimensional nanostructure materials for ORR
    1.3 Literature Review
    1.4 Motivation
2 Experimental details and materials characterization
    2.1 Starting Materials
    2.2 Synthesis of Polypyrrole Nanaochains （PPy-NCs） and KOH activation
    2.3 Synthesis of Polypyrrole Spheres （PPy-S）
    2.4 Synthesis of Polyaniline microspheres
    2.5 Synthesis of Polyaniline nanorods
    2.6 Synthesis of Fe-PANI nanorods
    2.7 Synthesis of Polyaniline nanorod-metal （Fe and Co）
2O₄">    2.8 Synthesis of Carbon Spheres （CS）-NiCoFe₂O4

    2.9 Characterizations
    2.10 Electrochemical Tests
3 One dimensional polypyrrole nanochains （PPy-NCs） with electrochemical andelectrocatalytical performance
    3.1 Introduction
    3.2 Result and Discussion
        3.2.1 Morphological and spectral properties
        3.2.2 Formation mechanism for the nanochains morphology and KOH activation
        3.2.3 Electrochemical performance of PPy-NCs electrode
        3.2.4 Electrocatalytical activity of PPy-NCs electrode for ORR
    3.3 Conclusion
4 Polyaniline based nanomaterials with high electrochemistry performance
    4.1 Introduction
    4.2 Result and Discussion
        4.2.1 Formation of microspheres and nanorods
        4.2.2 Morphological, spectral and thermal properties
        4.2.3 Electrochemical performance of polyaniline-based electrode
        4.2.4 Electrocatalytic activity of polyaniline-based electrode
    4.3 Conclusion
2O₄with enhanced electrochemical properties">5 Three dimensional chrysanthemum-flower like morphology of carbon sphere （CS）-NiCoFe₂O₄with enhanced electrochemical properties
    5.1 Introduction
    5.2 Result and Discussion
        5.2.1 Morphological and structural properties
        5.2.2 Electrochemical performance
        5.2.3 Electrocatalytical activity towards ORR
    5.3 Conclusion
6 Conclusions and Prospects
    6.1 Conclusions
    6.2 Innovation Points
    6.3 Prospects
References
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
About the Author
Published Academic Papers during PhD Period


【參考文獻(xiàn)】：
期刊論文
[1]堿炭比及活化溫度對(duì)稻殼活性炭極微孔的影響[J]. 李大偉,馬騰飛,田原宇,朱錫鋒,喬英云.  無(wú)機(jī)材料學(xué)報(bào). 2015(01)



本文編號(hào)：2899593

boshi