【摘要】：石墨烯和導(dǎo)電聚合物納米材料具有導(dǎo)電性高,比表面積大、制備成本低廉和生物相容性良好等優(yōu)點(diǎn),在傳感,能源貯存和電子器件等領(lǐng)域有著廣泛應(yīng)用。本論文分別采用模板法、水熱法和化學(xué)氣相沉積法(CVD)制備了一維的聚苯胺納米管和聚苯胺/金復(fù)合納米管,二維的二氧化錳/石墨烯復(fù)合物及具有三維網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)的氮摻雜石墨烯納米材料。通過(guò)透射電子顯微鏡(TEM)、掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)、X射線光電子能譜(XPS)、粉末X射線衍射(XRD)、熱重分析(TGA)、紅外光譜(FTIR)、紫外-可見(jiàn)光譜(US-vis)和拉曼光譜(Raman)等測(cè)試對(duì)產(chǎn)品的結(jié)構(gòu)、形貌及成分進(jìn)行了表征,并對(duì)所制備在電化學(xué)生物傳感器中的應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了研究。研究工作概述如下:1.以MnO2為反應(yīng)性模板成功制備了具有良好電化學(xué)活性和一維結(jié)構(gòu)的聚苯胺(PANI)納米管,并將其用于生物傳感器的電極材料。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,所制備的PANI納米管,管長(zhǎng)和直徑尺寸均勻,具有良好的管狀結(jié)構(gòu)。由PANI納米管修飾的玻碳電極(GCE)在近中性的環(huán)境中對(duì)多巴胺(DA)的電化學(xué)氧化過(guò)程有良好的催化活性。差分脈沖測(cè)試的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,該DA傳感器對(duì)尿酸(UA),抗壞血酸(AA),葡萄糖(GC)有良好的抗干擾性。此外,該傳感器呈現(xiàn)了兩段線性檢測(cè)范圍分別為7×10-5-3×10-4和3×10-4-5×10-3 M,和一個(gè)較低的檢測(cè)極限0.5×10-9M。2.制備了一維的聚苯胺/金(PANI/Au)復(fù)合納米管,并將其用于檢測(cè)還原型輔酶Ⅰ(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide,NADH)。循環(huán)伏安(CV)測(cè)試結(jié)果顯示在中性環(huán)境中該材料修飾的玻碳電極(GCE)對(duì)NADH的電化學(xué)氧化過(guò)程有很好的催化作用。差分脈沖(DPV)測(cè)試結(jié)果顯示,該NADH傳感器有良好的抗干擾性,并呈現(xiàn)出4×10-4-8×10-3 M的線性檢測(cè)范圍和0.5×10-7 M的檢測(cè)極限。3.合成了不同形貌的二維二氧化錳/石墨烯(MnO2/graphene)納米復(fù)合材料,并將花瓣?duì)頜nO 2納米片/graphene復(fù)合材料用做過(guò)氧化氫(H2O2)非酶電化學(xué)檢測(cè)的電極材料。循環(huán)伏安(CV)測(cè)試表明MnO2/graphene修飾的電極在中性環(huán)境中對(duì)H2O2的氧化和還原均有良好的電催化活性。恒電位檢測(cè)結(jié)果顯示所制備的非酶?jìng)鞲衅饔辛己玫目垢蓴_性,并呈現(xiàn)出兩段線性檢測(cè)范圍分別為10-90μM和0.2-0.9 mM及2μM的檢測(cè)極限。4.以多孔泡沫鎳為模板,化學(xué)氣相沉積法(CVD)成功制備三維氮摻雜石墨烯(3D-N-Graphene)材料。以此材料為例,構(gòu)建了一個(gè)基于三維氮摻雜石墨烯泡沫的生物傳感器,并將其用于多巴胺(DA)的檢測(cè)。電化學(xué)測(cè)試表明該生物傳感器對(duì)多巴胺有顯著的檢測(cè)效果,呈現(xiàn)出較寬的檢測(cè)范圍:3×10-6-1×10-4 M和較低的檢測(cè)極限1 nM。此外,所制備的生物傳感器亦表現(xiàn)出良好的抗干擾性、重復(fù)性和穩(wěn)定性。
[Abstract]:Graphene and conductive polymer nanomaterials have many advantages, such as high conductivity, large specific surface area, low preparation cost and good biocompatibility. Graphene and conductive polymer nanomaterials are widely used in sensing, energy storage and electronic devices. In this paper, one-dimensional Polyaniline nanotubes and Polyaniline / gold composite nanotubes were prepared by template method, hydrothermal method and chemical vapor deposition (CVD), respectively. Two-dimensional manganese dioxide / graphene composites and nitrogen-doped graphene nanomaterials with three-dimensional network structure. Transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis of (TGA), infrared spectrum (FTIR), The structure, morphology and composition of the product were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy (US-vis) and Raman spectroscopy (Raman), and the application of the product in electrochemical biosensor was studied. The research work is summarized as follows: 1. Polyaniline (PANI) nanotubes with good electrochemical activity and one-dimensional structure were successfully prepared by using MnO2 as reactive template and used as electrode materials for biosensors. The experimental results show that the prepared PANI nanotube has uniform length and diameter, and has good tubular structure. The glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified by PANI nanotube has good catalytic activity for the electrochemical oxidation of dopamine (DA) in a near-neutral environment. The experimental results of differential pulse test show that the DA sensor has good anti-interference effect on uric acid (UA), ascorbic acid (AA), glucose (GC). In addition, the sensor presents a linear detection range of 7 脳 10 鈮，

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