【摘要】：樹脂基復合材料的基體主要有熱固性樹脂與熱塑性樹脂兩種，相對于熱固性樹脂基復合材料，熱塑性樹脂基復合材料通常具有多方面的優(yōu)勢，其韌性較高，抗沖擊性能較好；熱塑性樹脂的吸濕率較低，耐濕熱性能好；成型周期較短，適合大批量生產。聚醚醚酮作為一種半結晶性高性能熱塑性樹脂的代表，具有極其出色的力學性能、耐高溫濕熱性和耐腐蝕性能，由于其優(yōu)異的綜合性能已被廣泛應用于航空航天、電子信息、能源和醫(yī)療等領域。由于聚醚醚酮較高的熔融粘度以及幾乎不溶于任何有機溶劑的特點，，碳纖維增強的聚醚醚酮復合材料主要通過雙螺桿擠出機制備的短纖維增強的復合材料，不能得到高強度、高模量的碳纖維增強聚醚醚酮復合材料，無法滿足航空航天、武器裝備、軌道客車、汽車等高技術領域的應用需求，本論文主要針對連續(xù)碳纖維增強聚醚醚酮復合材料的設計制備來開展研究。 為了克服聚醚醚酮樹脂熔體粘度大而難以均勻浸漬碳纖維的缺點，本論文通過利用實驗室自制的聚醚醚酮纖維與碳纖維通過包纏紗的方式制備了混雜纖維束，利用此混雜纖維束與聚醚醚酮纖維進行了混編，制備了便于后期成型的單向平紋織物，通過平紋織物的層疊熱壓制備連續(xù)碳纖維增強聚醚醚酮復合材料。針對此織物中包纏紗的卷曲性特點，在熱壓成型前存在一定張力的情況下對此織物進行了預壓制，成功制備了碳纖維取向較好、性能較優(yōu)的復合材料。研究工作對復合材料成型過程中的成型壓力、保壓時間和成型溫度進行了優(yōu)化，最終成功制備了力學性能較為出色的連續(xù)碳纖維增強聚醚醚酮復合材料。研究表明包纏紗中碳纖維與聚醚醚酮纖維的分散效果不是特別均勻，因而在成型過程中需要采用較大的成型壓力以及較高的成型溫度，高溫高壓下聚醚醚酮樹脂基本能達到均勻浸漬碳纖維的效果。在較高的成型溫度下，聚醚醚酮基體樹脂出現了少量的熱氧化降解導致其熱穩(wěn)定性略有下降，但由于高溫下聚醚醚酮樹脂熔融粘度的降低促進了聚醚醚酮樹脂對碳纖維絲束的浸漬，且占據了主導作用，因而高溫下的成型對復合材料的力學性能基本沒有造成影響。 對經過優(yōu)化成型后的復合材料的相關性能進行了系統(tǒng)評價，特別是對復合材料的耐濕熱性能進行了較深入的討論。研究結果表明本工作所制備的復合材料具有突出的力學性能，出色的耐高溫性能，復合材料在經過常溫濕熱和高溫濕熱環(huán)境后依然能保持優(yōu)異的力學性能。
[Abstract]:The matrix of resin matrix composites is mainly thermosetting resin and thermoplastic resin. Compared with thermosetting resin matrix composites, thermoplastic resin matrix composites usually have many advantages, their toughness is higher and impact resistance is better. Thermoplastic resin has low moisture absorption rate, good moisture and heat resistance, short molding cycle and suitable for mass production. Polyether ether ketone, as a representative of semi-crystalline high performance thermoplastic resin, has excellent mechanical properties, high temperature humidity and heat resistance and corrosion resistance. Because of its excellent comprehensive properties, polyether ether ketone has been widely used in aerospace and electronic information. Areas such as energy and health care. Because of the high melt viscosity of polyether ether ketone and its insoluble in almost any organic solvent, the carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone composites are mainly prepared by twin screw extrusion mechanism, and the high strength of the composites can not be obtained. High modulus carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone composites can not meet the application needs of aerospace, weapons and equipment, rail passenger cars, cars and other high-tech fields. In this paper, the design and preparation of continuous carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone composites were studied. In order to overcome the shortcomings of polyether ether ketone resin melt viscosity and difficulty in uniformly dipping carbon fiber, hybrid fiber bundles were prepared by using polyether ether ketone fiber and carbon fiber made in laboratory by wrapping yarn. The hybrid fiber bundles were mixed with polyether ether ketone fiber to prepare unidirectional plain fabric which was convenient for later molding. Continuous carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone composites were prepared by stacking hot pressing of plain fabric. According to the curl characteristics of wrapped yarn in this fabric, the fabric was prepressed under the condition of certain tension before hot pressing, and the composite with good carbon fiber orientation and better properties was successfully prepared. The molding pressure, holding time and molding temperature of the composites were optimized, and the continuous carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone composites with excellent mechanical properties were successfully prepared. The results show that the dispersion effect of carbon fiber and polyether ether ketone fiber in wrapped yarn is not particularly uniform, so it is necessary to adopt higher molding pressure and higher molding temperature in the molding process. Polyether ether ketone resin can basically achieve the effect of uniform impregnation of carbon fiber at high temperature and high pressure. At higher molding temperature, the thermal stability of polyether ether ketone matrix resin decreased slightly due to a small amount of thermal oxidation degradation of polyether ether ketone matrix resin. However, the decrease of melt viscosity of polyether ether ketone resin promotes the impregnation of carbon fiber tow with polyether ether ketone resin at high temperature, and occupies a dominant role, so the molding at high temperature has little effect on the mechanical properties of the composites. The related properties of the composites after optimization were systematically evaluated, especially the moisture and heat resistance of the composites were discussed in detail. The results show that the composites prepared in this work have outstanding mechanical properties and excellent high temperature resistance, and the composites can still maintain excellent mechanical properties after wet and hot environment at room temperature and high temperature.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB332

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