【摘要】：隨著工業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,染料對(duì)水體的污染越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重,染料廢水的治理已成為亟待解決的重要環(huán)境問(wèn)題。吸附法由于過(guò)程簡(jiǎn)單、高效、吸附劑可回收利用等優(yōu)點(diǎn),成為污水處理領(lǐng)域最常用的方法之一。與傳統(tǒng)材料相比,納米吸附劑因顯著優(yōu)勢(shì)引起了科研工作人員的廣泛研究。在已報(bào)道的納米吸附劑中,鋁基納米材料(Al2O3,AlOOH)、碳材料和磁性材料因?yàn)楦髯元?dú)特的性能和優(yōu)勢(shì),在眾多納米吸附劑中脫穎而出。本文主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和結(jié)果如下:1.以葡萄糖和鋁粉作為原材料,通過(guò)水熱法與熱處理過(guò)程結(jié)合制備出一種分級(jí)花狀的γ-Al2O3@C復(fù)合物。其中,葡萄糖在花狀結(jié)構(gòu)和碳包覆層的形成過(guò)程中起著關(guān)鍵性作用。所得三維花狀γ-Al2O3@C復(fù)合物具有較高的比表面積346.2 m2?g-1,因此選擇有機(jī)染料剛果紅(Congo Red)詳細(xì)研究了其吸附性能。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,在5分鐘內(nèi)超過(guò)90%的剛果紅可以從水溶液中被去除,且最大吸附容量可達(dá)244.5 mg?g-1,遠(yuǎn)高于大多數(shù)已經(jīng)報(bào)道的γ-AlOOH和γ-Al2O3材料,因此,這種新型三維花狀結(jié)構(gòu)的γ-Al2O3@C復(fù)合物可以作為一種很有發(fā)展前景的吸附材料應(yīng)用于廢水處理領(lǐng)域。2.在上述合成的三維分級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)γ-Al2O3@C復(fù)合物的基礎(chǔ)上,引入磁性納米粒子實(shí)現(xiàn)磁分離,方便回收利用。采用一種簡(jiǎn)單的室溫還原過(guò)程,成功制備出γ-Al2O3@C/FeCo復(fù)合物,并將其應(yīng)用于有機(jī)染料橙黃II(Orange II)的吸附中。研究了不同摩爾比的Fe/Co量對(duì)復(fù)合物吸附性能的影響,γ-Al2O3@C/Fe0.32Co0.68對(duì)橙黃II表現(xiàn)出最好的吸附能力,最大吸附量可達(dá)933.9 mg?g-1。與單一的鐵鈷和γ-Al2O3@C相比,γ-Al2O3@C/FeCo復(fù)合物的吸附性能得到了極大的提升。3.采用一種簡(jiǎn)單的溶劑熱法合成Fe3O4納米晶體。在溶液熱合成過(guò)程中,詳細(xì)研究了氫氧化鈉添加量對(duì)產(chǎn)物形貌演變的影響,同時(shí)記錄了不同反應(yīng)時(shí)間下Fe3O4晶體的生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程。實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),氫氧化鈉添加量可以控制產(chǎn)物Fe3O4晶體的粒子大小和結(jié)晶度,反應(yīng)時(shí)間和氫氧化鈉濃度的增加對(duì)Fe3O4晶體而言都是一個(gè)表面自由能最小化的過(guò)程。在合成過(guò)程中,水合聯(lián)肼和乙二醇的作用不僅是將顆粒尺寸限制在一個(gè)較窄的范圍內(nèi),也同時(shí)促進(jìn)了Fe3O4晶體內(nèi)部約5 nm的不連續(xù)多腔結(jié)構(gòu)的形成。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of industry, the pollution of dye to water body is becoming more and more serious, and the treatment of dye wastewater has become an important environmental problem to be solved urgently. Adsorption has become one of the most commonly used methods in the field of sewage treatment because of its simple process, high efficiency and recyclable adsorbents. Compared with traditional materials, nano-adsorbents have caused extensive research by scientific research staff because of their remarkable advantages. Among the reported nano-adsorbents, aluminum-based nanomaterials (Al2O3,AlOOH), carbon materials and magnetic materials stand out among many nano-adsorbents because of their unique properties and advantages. The main contents and results of this paper are as follows: 1. Using glucose and aluminum powder as raw materials, a graded flower-like 緯-Al2O3@C complex was prepared by hydrothermal method and heat treatment. Glucose plays a key role in floral structure and the formation of carbon coating. The three-dimensional floral 緯-Al2O3@C complex has a high specific surface area of 346.2 m ~ 2 鈮，

本文編號(hào)：2474055