【摘要】：作為最常見的一種可再生天然高分子原材料,淀粉具有成本廉價、來源廣泛的優(yōu)點。我國淀粉資源儲量豐富,淀粉產品及相關產業(yè)的研究和創(chuàng)新關系著農業(yè)、食品工業(yè)、醫(yī)藥等行業(yè)的發(fā)展。研究不同來源淀粉的結構、特性,擴大變性淀粉的類型、改進淀粉改性方法,研制其與不同物質的復合材料制備工藝及性能,是實現(xiàn)淀粉產品開發(fā)和利用的基礎。在石油資源短缺、環(huán)境日益惡化的今天,以豐富廉價、可再生的淀粉為原料制備淀粉基復合材料,用以代替石油基塑料材料具有極大的現(xiàn)實意義和應用價值。通過對淀粉認識的加深和對添加劑、改性方法的不斷研究,有助于可完全降解、綠色環(huán)保、價格低廉、性能優(yōu)越的淀粉基新型功能材料的制備,并實現(xiàn)其廣泛應用。本論文從淀粉膜材料自身力學性能不佳的缺陷入手,在對淀粉、增塑劑、增強劑結構等因素與力學性能關系的研究基礎上,制備了淀粉基植物醫(yī)用硬膠囊和改性石墨烯-淀粉自組裝復合膜材料。通過對制膜工藝過程中不同種類的淀粉進行結構、膠液和膜材料性能的對比,掌握了原淀粉和改性淀粉性能之間的差異,對各種淀粉膜材料強度、溶膠黏度等有了具體認知;此外,研究了制膜工藝中溶膠黏度、塑化劑含量、凝膠劑、增強劑種類等因素,對淀粉基復合型膜材料的抗拉伸強度、水阻隔性、延伸率等性能的影響。為進一步研究淀粉基阻隔膜材料奠定了堅實的理論基礎�？疾炝瞬煌N類淀粉酶對淀粉原料進行改性處理后,玉米淀粉分子結構、溶膠黏度和囊材力學強度的變化,最終選用異淀粉酶對其進行表面改性。進一步研究了酶用量、添加劑含量等對淀粉膠囊膜力學強度、透水性、脆碎度的影響。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),經過異淀粉酶修飾后,玉米淀粉溶膠的粘度降低至3000m Pa·S左右,滿足膠囊生產中蘸膠的工藝要求,有利于膠囊膜厚度的控制。加入3.0%卡拉膠、0.2%聚乙烯醇(PVA)、0.5%海藻酸鈉等,不僅保證了玉米淀粉溶膠的凝膠性能,而且在吸水性能穩(wěn)定的前提下,有效地增強了淀粉膜的拉伸強度和韌性。當溶膠的濃度為12%時,能夠得到表面平整,厚度均一,脆碎度較低的膠囊殼及膠囊膜。通過調整異淀粉酶加入量和作用時間,可以有效地控制玉米淀粉膠囊的崩解時限,實現(xiàn)了對藥物釋放時間的控制。所制備的膠囊性能符合國家對硬質膠囊的要求,完善了純植物醫(yī)用硬膠囊的制備工藝。通過用陰離子表面活性劑十二烷基苯磺酸鈉對還原氧化石墨烯進行表面改性修飾,經掃描電鏡、傅里葉紅外光譜、X射線衍射分析和紫外-可見光譜等表征手段的表征和檢測可知：表面富含含氧基團的改性還原氧化石墨烯(r-RGO)與氧化淀粉具有較好的相容性；并且,通過對比,所得到的r-RGO復合膜材料具有較高的機械強度、阻水性和較低的光透過性,即制備的r-RGO填充淀粉基復合膜材料不僅機械強度得到了提高,而且賦予了新的阻水、遮光的功能。
[Abstract]:As one of the most common renewable natural polymer raw materials, starch has the advantages of low cost and wide range of sources. Starch resources are abundant in China. The research and innovation of starch products and related industries are related to the development of agriculture, food industry, medicine and other industries. To study the structure and properties of starch from different sources, to enlarge the type of modified starch, to improve the modification method of starch, and to develop the preparation technology and properties of its composite with different substances are the basis for the development and utilization of starch products. With the shortage of petroleum resources and the deterioration of environment, it is of great practical significance and application value to prepare starch-based composite material by using abundant, cheap and renewable starch as raw material instead of petroleum-based plastic material. Through the deepening of understanding of starch and the continuous study of additives and modification methods, it is helpful for the preparation and wide application of starch-based functional materials, which can be completely degraded, green and environmentally friendly, with low price and superior performance. In this paper, starting with the defects of starch film material's mechanical properties, the relationship between mechanical properties of starch, plasticizer, reinforcement agent and other factors is studied on the basis of the research on the relationship between mechanical properties and starch, plasticizer, reinforcing agent structure and so on. Starch-based botanical hard capsules and modified graphene-starch self-assembled composite membrane materials were prepared. By comparing the structure of different kinds of starch in the process of film-making, the properties of colloid and membrane materials, the differences between the properties of original starch and modified starch are grasped, and the strength and viscosity of various starch film materials are known concretely. In addition, the effects of such factors as sol viscosity, plasticizer content, gel and enhancer on the tensile strength, water barrier and elongation of starch-based composite membrane materials were studied. It lays a solid theoretical foundation for further study of starch-based barrier material. The changes of molecular structure, sol viscosity and mechanical strength of corn starch after modified with different kinds of amylase were investigated. Finally, isoamylase was used to modify the surface of corn starch. The effects of enzyme content and additive content on the mechanical strength, water permeability and embrittlement of starch capsule film were further studied. It was found that the viscosity of corn starch sol decreased to about 3 000 m Pa 路S after modified by isoamylase, which met the requirement of dipping gum in capsule production and was beneficial to the control of capsule film thickness. Adding 3.0% carrageenan and 0.2% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), 0.5% sodium alginate, not only the gel properties of corn starch sol were guaranteed, but also the water absorption property was stable. The tensile strength and toughness of starch film were enhanced effectively. When the concentration of sol is 12%, the capsule shell and capsule film with flat surface, uniform thickness and low fragility can be obtained. By adjusting the amount of isoamylase and action time, the disintegration time of corn starch capsules can be effectively controlled and the drug release time can be controlled. The prepared capsules meet the national requirements for rigid capsules and improve the preparation process of pure medicinal hard capsules. Surface modification of reduced graphene oxide by anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) were used to characterize and test. The results showed that the modified reduced graphene oxide (r-RGO) with oxygen-rich groups on the surface had good compatibility with oxidized starch. In addition, through comparison, the r-RGO composite film material has higher mechanical strength, water resistance and lower light transmissivity, that is, the r-RGO filled starch-based composite membrane material not only has the higher mechanical strength, but also has lower light transmissivity. It also gives a new function of blocking water and shading light.
【學位授予單位】：中國海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB383.2

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