【摘要】：玉米秸稈為山東地區(qū)常見的農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物,大部分玉米秸稈被堆棄和焚燒處理,不僅浪費了耕地,而且浪費了大量的天然纖維。論文利用玉米秸稈制備玉米秸稈纖維,采用堿處理工藝對玉米秸稈纖維進行表面處理,然后再采用鈦酸酯偶聯(lián)劑進行復(fù)合改性,通過混煉、模壓成型制備了玉米秸稈纖維/PVC復(fù)合材料。論文還針對玻璃纖維增強塑料(簡稱FRP)廢棄物回收利用難的問題,選擇FRP廢棄物為回收利用對象,將其研磨并篩分至不同粒度范圍,制備FRP廢渣/秸稈纖維/PVC復(fù)合材料,研究FRP廢渣對木塑復(fù)合材料(簡稱WPC)結(jié)構(gòu)和性能的影響。利用金相顯微鏡、場發(fā)射掃描電鏡(SEM)、紅外光譜分析儀(FTIR)、X射線熒光光譜儀(XRF)、同步熱分析儀(TG/DSC)等測試儀器,分析玉米秸稈纖維和FRP廢渣的微觀形貌、表面基團、物相組成、耐熱性能等基本性能。玉米秸稈纖維的SEM分析顯示,堿處理后玉米秸稈纖維的表面粗糙度增加,有纖維絲從大束纖維上剝離的現(xiàn)象。堿處理秸稈纖維加入量為50 phr時,WPC的彎曲強度最高,為77.15 MPa,維卡軟化溫度為95.9℃。秸稈纖維加入量為45 phr時,WPC的拉伸強度最高,為27.06 MPa。用轉(zhuǎn)矩流變儀測試了不同秸稈纖維加入量時WPC轉(zhuǎn)矩流變參數(shù)的變化,對比秸稈纖維加入量為30phr和40phr制備的WPC,秸稈纖維加入量提高,WPC物料的塑化時間、最大扭矩提高,表明WPC的加工性能變差。堿處理-鈦酸酯偶聯(lián)劑復(fù)合改性玉米秸稈纖維的FTIR分析表明,鈦酸酯偶聯(lián)劑與玉米秸稈纖維表面基團發(fā)生了化學(xué)反應(yīng)。對比只加入堿處理秸稈纖維的WPC,當(dāng)鈦酸酯偶聯(lián)劑的加入量為1.5 phr時,WPC的彎曲強度提高了13.3%、拉伸強度提高了2.8%、沖擊強度提高了34%。WPC的沖擊斷面SEM分析顯示,鈦酸酯偶聯(lián)劑改善了秸稈纖維和基體的界面結(jié)合。不同粒度的FRP廢渣的燒失量實驗結(jié)果表明,FRP廢渣粒度越小其燒失量越大,即廢渣中玻璃纖維的含量越少。FRP廢渣的熱重分析表明,在PVC復(fù)合材料加工溫度范圍內(nèi),FRP廢渣無明顯的熱分解。隨著FRP廢渣加入量增加,WPC的拉伸強度和彎曲強度先增加后減小。當(dāng)FRP廢渣加入量為15 phr時,WPC的彎曲強度和拉伸強度最高,相比未加入FRP廢渣的WPC,彎曲強度和拉伸強度分別提高了10.9%和12.1%,同時,WPC的吸水率最低。加入FRP廢渣還提高了WPC的維卡軟化溫度。WPC的沖擊斷面SEM分析顯示,FRP廢渣加入量超過15 phr時,玻璃纖維在基體中的分散性變差,且基體對廢渣中玻璃纖維的相容性變差。利用熱重分析和差式掃描量熱分析(TG/DSC)研究了FRP添加量和粒徑對WPC熱穩(wěn)定性能的影響,FRP廢渣提高了WPC的熱穩(wěn)定性。利用轉(zhuǎn)矩流變儀測試了不同配方的FRP廢渣/秸稈纖維/PVC復(fù)合材料的轉(zhuǎn)矩流變參數(shù)的變化,研究加入FRP廢渣對WPC加工性能的影響。
[Abstract]:Corn straw is a common agricultural waste in Shandong Province. Most corn stalks are disposed of by composting and incineration, which not only wastes cultivated land, but also wastes a lot of natural fiber. In this paper, corn straw fiber was prepared by using corn straw, the surface of corn straw fiber was treated by alkali treatment, and then modified by titanate coupling agent. Corn straw fiber / PVC composites were prepared by molding. Aiming at the difficulty of recycling the waste of glass fiber reinforced plastics (FRP), the paper chooses FRP waste as the recycling object, grinds it and sieves it to different particle size range to prepare FRP waste residue / straw fiber / PVC composite. The effect of FRP residue on the structure and properties of wood-plastic composites (WPC) was studied. The microstructure of corn straw fiber and FRP waste residue were analyzed by means of metallographic microscope, field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM),) infrared spectrum analyzer (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), synchronous thermal analyzer (TG/DSC), etc. Surface group, phase composition, heat resistance and other basic properties. The SEM analysis of corn straw fiber showed that the surface roughness of corn straw fiber increased after alkali treatment, and the fiber filament was stripped from the large bundle of fiber. When the amount of straw fiber treated with alkali is 50 phr, the bending strength of WPC is the highest, and the softening temperature of Vica is 95.9 鈩，

本文編號：2444976