高電致伸縮彈性體材料的制備研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-02-26 14:13
【摘要】：介電彈性體(DE)是一類可以將電能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闄C械能的智能材料,具有轉(zhuǎn)化效率高、能量密度高、電致形變大、黏彈滯后小和響應(yīng)速度快等優(yōu)勢,在微型驅(qū)動器、人造肌肉和機器人等領(lǐng)域具有巨大應(yīng)用潛力。目前可用材料或多或少存在缺點和不足,制備具有高介電、低模量、能夠在低電壓下產(chǎn)生大形變的材料是介電彈性體研究的重點。本文制備了氟硅橡膠(FVMQ)基和明膠基介電彈性體,分別從熱學性能、電學性能和機電性能等方面對其進行了詳細研究：通過兩段硫化工藝制備FVMQ橡膠,選擇最優(yōu)的硫化劑用量。FVMQ表現(xiàn)出良好的耐熱性、高介電常數(shù)(-6.5)、低介電損耗(0.02)的同時具有較低的彈性模量(-0.5MPa),機電敏感因子p高達12.37MPa-1,能夠在低電壓下產(chǎn)生較大的電致形變,在32 kV·mm-1時可以產(chǎn)生15%的電致形變。以FVMQ為基體,優(yōu)選的硫化劑用量0.4phr,加入不同用量硅烷偶聯(lián)劑KH 570改性二氧化鈦(TiO2)制備復合材料。隨著填料用量增加,交聯(lián)密度、彈性模量、介電常數(shù)、介電損耗和擊穿電壓都有所提高,敏感因子逐漸下降。TiO2用量超過一定值后形成填料網(wǎng)絡(luò),斷裂伸長率開始下降,彈性模量大幅增加。TiO2/FVMQ復合材料機電性能較純FVMQ大幅提高,最大電致形變提高153%達到38%,具有良好的機電穩(wěn)定性。選擇斷裂伸長率較高的氟硅橡膠作為研究對象,分析了預拉伸對FVMQ介電彈性體的影響。預拉伸以后,FVMQ和TiO2/FVMQ復合材料擊穿電壓和電致形變都大幅提高,FVMQ的最大電致形變比未預拉伸提高了約132%;TiO2/FVMQ復合材料預拉伸后最大電致形變提高了10倍。氟硅橡膠基介電彈性體最佳預拉伸比例在2×2左右。選擇具有大量極性基團的明膠作為基體,以生物無毒的甘油作為增塑劑改善其力學性能,制備了無細胞毒性的甘油/明膠復合材料。增塑后克服了明膠的脆性,表現(xiàn)為彈性體態(tài),具有良好的耐熱性和力學性能,介電常數(shù)從6提高到116,伴隨著介電損耗增加和體積電阻率從1014Ω·cm急劇下降到106Ω·cm。材料會在較小的電壓下破壞,產(chǎn)生約3%的電致形變。
[Abstract]:Dielectric elastomer (DE) is a kind of intelligent material which can transform electrical energy into mechanical energy. It has the advantages of high conversion efficiency, high energy density, large electrodeformation, small viscoelastic hysteresis and fast response. Artificial muscles and robots have great potential applications. At present, there are more or less shortcomings and shortcomings in available materials. The preparation of materials with high dielectric properties, low modulus and large deformation at low voltage is the focus of the research on dielectric elastomers. In this paper, fluoro-silicone rubber (FVMQ)-based and gelatin-based dielectric elastomers were prepared, and their thermal properties, electrical properties and mechanical and electrical properties were studied in detail. FVMQ rubber was prepared by two-stage vulcanization process. FVMQ exhibits good heat resistance, high dielectric constant (- 6.5), low dielectric loss (0.002), and low modulus of elasticity (- 0.5MPa), while choosing the optimal dosage of curing agent, FVMQ has good heat resistance, high dielectric constant (- 6.5), low dielectric loss (0.002) and low modulus of elasticity (- FVM). The mechatronic sensitive factor p is up to 12.37 MPA / 1, which can produce large electrodeformation at low voltage and 15% electrodeformation at 32 kV mm- 1. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) was modified by silane coupling agent KH 570 with FVMQ as matrix, 0.4 phrr as curing agent, and TiO2 modified with different amount of silane coupling agent. With the increase of filler dosage, the crosslinked density, elastic modulus, dielectric constant, dielectric loss and breakdown voltage all increase, and the sensitive factor decreases gradually. When the amount of TIO _ 2 exceeds a certain value, the network of fillers is formed, and the elongation at break begins to decrease. The mechanical and electrical properties of TIO _ 2 / FVMQ composites were greatly improved compared with pure FVMQ. The maximum electrodeformation of TIO _ 2 / TiO2 composites was increased by 153% to 38%, and the mechanical and electrical stability of TIO _ 2 / TiO2 composites was good. Fluoro-silicone rubber with high elongation at break was selected as the research object, and the influence of pre-drawing on FVMQ dielectric elastomer was analyzed. After pre-stretching, the breakdown voltage and electrodeformation of FVMQ and TiO2/FVMQ composites increased greatly, and the maximum electrodeformation of FVMQ increased by 10 times as much as that of non-pre-drawn composites by about 132% Ti _ 2O _ 2 / FVM _ Q composites after pre-stretching. The results show that the maximum electrodeformation of FVMQ composites is 10 times higher than that of FVMQ composites after pre-stretching. The optimum pretension ratio of fluoro-silicone rubber based dielectric elastomers is about 2 脳 2. Gelatin with a large number of polar groups was selected as matrix and glycerol as plasticizer was used as plasticizer to improve its mechanical properties. Glycerol / gelatin composites without cytotoxicity were prepared. After plasticizing, it overcomes the brittleness of gelatin and exhibits elastic state. It has good heat resistance and mechanical properties. The dielectric constant is increased from 6 to 116, with the increase of dielectric loss and the sharp decrease of volume resistivity from 1014 惟 cm to 106 惟 cm.. The material will be destroyed at a lower voltage, resulting in about 3% electrodeformation.
【學位授予單位】：北京化工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TB381
本文編號：2430849
[Abstract]:Dielectric elastomer (DE) is a kind of intelligent material which can transform electrical energy into mechanical energy. It has the advantages of high conversion efficiency, high energy density, large electrodeformation, small viscoelastic hysteresis and fast response. Artificial muscles and robots have great potential applications. At present, there are more or less shortcomings and shortcomings in available materials. The preparation of materials with high dielectric properties, low modulus and large deformation at low voltage is the focus of the research on dielectric elastomers. In this paper, fluoro-silicone rubber (FVMQ)-based and gelatin-based dielectric elastomers were prepared, and their thermal properties, electrical properties and mechanical and electrical properties were studied in detail. FVMQ rubber was prepared by two-stage vulcanization process. FVMQ exhibits good heat resistance, high dielectric constant (- 6.5), low dielectric loss (0.002), and low modulus of elasticity (- 0.5MPa), while choosing the optimal dosage of curing agent, FVMQ has good heat resistance, high dielectric constant (- 6.5), low dielectric loss (0.002) and low modulus of elasticity (- FVM). The mechatronic sensitive factor p is up to 12.37 MPA / 1, which can produce large electrodeformation at low voltage and 15% electrodeformation at 32 kV mm- 1. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) was modified by silane coupling agent KH 570 with FVMQ as matrix, 0.4 phrr as curing agent, and TiO2 modified with different amount of silane coupling agent. With the increase of filler dosage, the crosslinked density, elastic modulus, dielectric constant, dielectric loss and breakdown voltage all increase, and the sensitive factor decreases gradually. When the amount of TIO _ 2 exceeds a certain value, the network of fillers is formed, and the elongation at break begins to decrease. The mechanical and electrical properties of TIO _ 2 / FVMQ composites were greatly improved compared with pure FVMQ. The maximum electrodeformation of TIO _ 2 / TiO2 composites was increased by 153% to 38%, and the mechanical and electrical stability of TIO _ 2 / TiO2 composites was good. Fluoro-silicone rubber with high elongation at break was selected as the research object, and the influence of pre-drawing on FVMQ dielectric elastomer was analyzed. After pre-stretching, the breakdown voltage and electrodeformation of FVMQ and TiO2/FVMQ composites increased greatly, and the maximum electrodeformation of FVMQ increased by 10 times as much as that of non-pre-drawn composites by about 132% Ti _ 2O _ 2 / FVM _ Q composites after pre-stretching. The results show that the maximum electrodeformation of FVMQ composites is 10 times higher than that of FVMQ composites after pre-stretching. The optimum pretension ratio of fluoro-silicone rubber based dielectric elastomers is about 2 脳 2. Gelatin with a large number of polar groups was selected as matrix and glycerol as plasticizer was used as plasticizer to improve its mechanical properties. Glycerol / gelatin composites without cytotoxicity were prepared. After plasticizing, it overcomes the brittleness of gelatin and exhibits elastic state. It has good heat resistance and mechanical properties. The dielectric constant is increased from 6 to 116, with the increase of dielectric loss and the sharp decrease of volume resistivity from 1014 惟 cm to 106 惟 cm.. The material will be destroyed at a lower voltage, resulting in about 3% electrodeformation.
【學位授予單位】：北京化工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TB381
【相似文獻】
相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前1條
1 戈風行;高電致伸縮彈性體材料的制備研究[D];北京化工大學;2016年
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