半導(dǎo)體單晶-凝膠復(fù)合材料的研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-02-12 11:38
【摘要】：凝膠擴散法作為一種簡單、高效、能在常溫下進行并得到高質(zhì)量晶體的晶體生長方法得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。自1969年Nickl和Henisch發(fā)現(xiàn)凝膠會在生長過程中嵌入晶體以來,人們發(fā)現(xiàn)越來越多的凝膠會嵌入晶體形成單晶-凝膠復(fù)合材料。目前人們已制備出碳酸鈣、蛋白質(zhì)、氨基酸等單晶與瓊脂、果膠、硅膠等凝膠的單晶復(fù)合材料,并證明了被凝膠三維網(wǎng)絡(luò)貫穿的單晶復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),而且該復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)保持單晶的長程有序特性。盡管目前這種具有特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的單晶復(fù)合材料能夠被成功制備,但是走向功能化和應(yīng)用還有很長的一段路要走。而實現(xiàn)功能化可大致通過三方面來實現(xiàn)：在凝膠中制備具有功能性的單晶；采用功能性凝膠作為晶體生長介質(zhì)；引入除晶體和凝膠外的具有功能性的第三組分。本論文將圍繞第一種方法,通過在凝膠中制備半導(dǎo)體晶體,為實現(xiàn)單晶復(fù)合材料的功能化探索可能的方向。我們在硅膠、瓊脂水凝膠介質(zhì)中合成了硫化鉛、碘化鉛等半導(dǎo)體單晶,并形成單晶復(fù)合材料,證明了半導(dǎo)體單晶與凝膠網(wǎng)絡(luò)形成復(fù)合材料的可能性。在本文第一章,我們首先介紹了單晶的特性與生長方法,并重點介紹了本文中所用的凝膠擴散法,單晶-凝膠復(fù)合材料的發(fā)現(xiàn)與結(jié)構(gòu)特性,相應(yīng)半導(dǎo)體復(fù)合材料的特性等。同時綜述了近年來單晶復(fù)合材料的研究進展。在論文第二章,我們合成了立方晶系半導(dǎo)體PbS晶體與硅膠、瓊脂的單晶復(fù)合材料,并表征了其形態(tài)及內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)。并探究了不同膠濃度、溫度、pH下單晶復(fù)合材料結(jié)構(gòu)的差異。在第三章,我們探究了鉛的鹵化物PbI2和PbCl2晶體在硅膠和瓊脂凝膠中的生長。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)晶體的形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)對凝膠嵌入量會有明顯的影響,同時以碘化鉛為例說明了凝膠的嵌入可能會導(dǎo)致半導(dǎo)體帶隙的變化。在論文第四章我們嘗試合成了Cu20,并得到了Cu-Cu2O半導(dǎo)體-金屬復(fù)合晶體與硅膠、瓊脂的單晶復(fù)合材料的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。在硅膠體系中我們得到了具有單晶外形但同時具有Cu-Cu2O核殼結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)合晶體,并探究了在不同還原劑濃度下生長出晶體的不同。
[Abstract]:As a simple and efficient method, gel diffusion method has been widely used in the growth of high quality crystals at room temperature. Since Nickl and Henisch discovered that gel intercalates crystals in the growth process in 1969, it has been found that more and more gels are embedded into crystals to form monocrystalline gel composites. At present, single crystal composites of calcium carbonate, protein, amino acid and gel such as Agar, pectin and silica gel have been prepared. Moreover, the structure keeps the long-range order of single crystal. Although this single crystal composite with special structure can be successfully prepared at present, there is still a long way to go towards functionalization and application. Functionalization can be achieved in three ways: preparing functional single crystals in gel, using functional gels as crystal growth medium, and introducing functional third components except crystals and gels. This thesis will focus on the first method, through the preparation of semiconductor crystals in the gel, in order to achieve the functionalization of single crystal composites explore the possible direction. We have synthesized semiconductor single crystals such as lead sulfide and lead iodide in silica gel and Agar hydrogel medium and formed single crystal composite materials, which proves the possibility of forming composite material between semiconductor single crystal and gel network. In the first chapter, we first introduce the properties and growth methods of single crystals, and focus on the gel diffusion method, the discovery and structure characteristics of single-crystal gel composites, and the properties of semiconductor composites. The research progress of single crystal composites in recent years is also reviewed. In the second chapter, we synthesized the cubic semiconductor PbS crystal, silica gel and Agar single crystal composite, and characterized its morphology and internal structure. The structure differences of single crystal composites under different adhesive concentration, temperature and pH were investigated. In Chapter 3, we investigated the growth of lead halide PbI2 and PbCl2 crystals in silica gel and Agar gel. It is found that the crystal morphology has an obvious effect on the intercalation amount of the gel, and taking lead iodide as an example, it is shown that the intercalation of the gel may lead to the change of the band gap of the semiconductor. In chapter 4, we try to synthesize Cu20, and obtain the composite structure of Cu-Cu2O semiconductor-metal composite crystal with silica gel and Agar. In the silica gel system, we obtained the composite crystals with single crystal shape but also Cu-Cu2O core-shell structure, and investigated the different crystal growth under different reductant concentration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB33
[Abstract]:As a simple and efficient method, gel diffusion method has been widely used in the growth of high quality crystals at room temperature. Since Nickl and Henisch discovered that gel intercalates crystals in the growth process in 1969, it has been found that more and more gels are embedded into crystals to form monocrystalline gel composites. At present, single crystal composites of calcium carbonate, protein, amino acid and gel such as Agar, pectin and silica gel have been prepared. Moreover, the structure keeps the long-range order of single crystal. Although this single crystal composite with special structure can be successfully prepared at present, there is still a long way to go towards functionalization and application. Functionalization can be achieved in three ways: preparing functional single crystals in gel, using functional gels as crystal growth medium, and introducing functional third components except crystals and gels. This thesis will focus on the first method, through the preparation of semiconductor crystals in the gel, in order to achieve the functionalization of single crystal composites explore the possible direction. We have synthesized semiconductor single crystals such as lead sulfide and lead iodide in silica gel and Agar hydrogel medium and formed single crystal composite materials, which proves the possibility of forming composite material between semiconductor single crystal and gel network. In the first chapter, we first introduce the properties and growth methods of single crystals, and focus on the gel diffusion method, the discovery and structure characteristics of single-crystal gel composites, and the properties of semiconductor composites. The research progress of single crystal composites in recent years is also reviewed. In the second chapter, we synthesized the cubic semiconductor PbS crystal, silica gel and Agar single crystal composite, and characterized its morphology and internal structure. The structure differences of single crystal composites under different adhesive concentration, temperature and pH were investigated. In Chapter 3, we investigated the growth of lead halide PbI2 and PbCl2 crystals in silica gel and Agar gel. It is found that the crystal morphology has an obvious effect on the intercalation amount of the gel, and taking lead iodide as an example, it is shown that the intercalation of the gel may lead to the change of the band gap of the semiconductor. In chapter 4, we try to synthesize Cu20, and obtain the composite structure of Cu-Cu2O semiconductor-metal composite crystal with silica gel and Agar. In the silica gel system, we obtained the composite crystals with single crystal shape but also Cu-Cu2O core-shell structure, and investigated the different crystal growth under different reductant concentration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB33
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