新型微納疊屋阻隔材料制備裝置及成型工藝的研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-01-11 08:50
【摘要】：眾所周知,普通橡膠具有良好的氣體透過性,其氣密性十分差。然而在許多領(lǐng)域里都十分需要具有高阻隔性能的橡膠,如輪胎行業(yè),需要使用氣體阻隔性能極佳的橡膠作為輪胎氣密層和內(nèi)襯層。丁基橡膠作為少數(shù)具有優(yōu)異氣體阻隔性能的橡膠之一而被廣泛應用于汽車輪胎領(lǐng)域。目前我國對丁基橡膠的需求量十分巨大,而國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)的丁基橡膠嚴重不足,為解決丁基橡膠供不應求的市場現(xiàn)狀,本課題提出了一種新型微納疊層阻隔材料作為可以替代丁基橡膠的高阻隔性橡膠,使其成為各種輪胎內(nèi)襯層、氣密層以及密封件的主要使用材料,從而減少丁基橡膠的進口量,擺脫國外對我國丁基橡膠市場的操控。本課題的主要工作內(nèi)容和研究成果如下：1、基于納米疊層復合技術(shù),研制了一套用于制備新型微納疊層阻隔材料的模內(nèi)疊層共擠裝置,并對裝置進行搭建和調(diào)試,通過塑塑共擠和橡塑共擠兩組實驗驗證了模內(nèi)疊層共擠裝置的擠出和疊層效果。運用聚合物流變學理論知識分析了實驗過程中出現(xiàn)的粘性包覆和界面不穩(wěn)定現(xiàn)象。通過選擇相容性好的材料、控制共擠工藝參數(shù)以及合理設(shè)計流道結(jié)構(gòu)等方法可以得到層厚分布均勻的制品。2、利用CFD軟件Polyflow對不同材料體系的共擠流動情況進行了模擬分析,探明了入口體積流量、材料粘度、共擠溫度等參數(shù)對共擠流動,尤其是對共擠界面位置分布的影響。模擬結(jié)果表明,共擠界面的位置主要入口體積流量和材料粘度兩個參數(shù)共同決定：在材料粘度相同的情況下,共擠界面會向入口體積流量較小的一側(cè)偏移,且入口體積流量相差越大,界面偏移量越大；在入口體積流量相同的情況下,共擠界面會向熔體粘度相對較低的一側(cè)偏移,且熔體粘度差異越大,界面偏移越明顯。通過相關(guān)實驗得到的結(jié)果與模擬結(jié)果基本相同,證明了模擬結(jié)果的可靠性,為后續(xù)制備新型微納疊層阻隔材料提供了有意義的參考。3、基于模擬分析結(jié)果,利用模內(nèi)疊層共擠裝置制備了新型微納疊層阻隔材料,對阻隔材料進行了微觀表征測試、力學拉伸強度性能測試和氣體阻隔性能測試。測試結(jié)果表明用模內(nèi)疊層共擠裝置制備的三種阻隔材料其氣體阻隔性能較純EPDM均有不同程度的提升。對于(PA6+EPDM-g-MAH+EPDM)/EPDM阻隔材料,隨著PA6所占質(zhì)量百分比的增大,其氧氣透過量降低,而力學拉伸強度則呈先增大后減小的拋物線變化規(guī)律,并在PA6質(zhì)量百分比為5.4%時達到峰值。對于PA6/EPDM-g-MAH/EPDM阻隔材料,隨著PA6所占質(zhì)量百分比的增大,其氧氣透過量呈線性降低,其力學拉伸強度呈線性增大。用模內(nèi)疊層共擠裝置制備的阻隔材料其滲透系數(shù)最低能達到3.603×10-13cm3·cm/ (cm2s·Pa),是純EPDM的33.93%,是輪胎內(nèi)襯層專用混煉膠的14.25%,與丁基橡膠的1.070×10-13cm3·cm/(cm2·s·Pa)十分接近。本課題成功研制出了新型微納疊層阻隔材料的制備裝置,并通過模擬指導實驗制備出了具有高氣體阻隔性能的橡膠制品,同時采用模擬分析加實驗驗證的方法對新型微納疊層阻隔材料的成型工藝進行了優(yōu)化。
[Abstract]:It is well known that the common rubber has good gas permeability and the air-tightness is very poor. In many areas, however, rubber with high barrier properties, such as the tire industry, is required to use rubber with excellent gas barrier properties as the tire air-tight layer and the liner layer. butyl rubber is widely used in the field of automobile tires as one of a few rubbers with excellent gas barrier properties. At present, the demand of butyl rubber in China is very large, and the domestic production of butyl rubber is seriously insufficient. In order to solve the market situation of the supply of butyl rubber, a new type of micro-nano-layer barrier material is proposed as the high-barrier rubber which can replace butyl rubber. making it a main use material of various tyre lining layers, air-tight layers and seals, thereby reducing the import of butyl rubber and getting rid of the control of the butyl rubber market of the country. The main contents and research results of this project are as follows: 1. Based on the composite technology of the nano-stack, a set of inner-die laminated co-extrusion devices for preparing a new type of micro-nano-stack barrier material are developed, and the device is set up and debugged. The extrusion and lamination of the laminated co-extrusion device in the mold were verified by the plastic-plastic co-extrusion and the plastic-plastic co-extrusion. The viscous coating and the interfacial instability in the course of the experiment were analyzed by using the theory of polymer rheology. by selecting the material with good compatibility, controlling the co-extrusion process parameters and the reasonable design of the flow channel structure, the product with uniform layer thickness distribution can be obtained. The influence of the parameters such as the viscosity of the material and the co-extrusion temperature on the co-extrusion flow, especially the distribution of the co-extrusion interface. The simulation results show that the main inlet volume flow and the material viscosity of the co-extrusion interface are determined by the two parameters: when the viscosity of the material is the same, the co-extrusion interface is offset to one side with a smaller inlet volume flow, and the larger the inlet volume flow, the greater the interface offset; In the case where the inlet volume flow is the same, the co-extrusion interface is offset to one side with a relatively low melt viscosity, and the greater the melt viscosity difference, the more obvious the interface shift. The results obtained from the related experiments are basically the same as the simulation results, and the reliability of the simulation results is proved, and a meaningful reference is provided for the subsequent preparation of the novel micro-nano-stack barrier material. A new type of micro-nano-stack barrier material was prepared by means of a laminated co-extrusion device. The barrier material was tested by micro-characterization, mechanical tensile strength and gas barrier properties. The results of the test show that the gas barrier properties of the three barrier materials prepared by the in-mold laminated co-extrusion device are of different degrees with that of the pure EPDM. In the case of (PA6 + EPDM-g-MAH + EPDM)/ EPDM barrier material, with the increase of the mass percentage of PA6, the oxygen permeation amount decreased, while the mechanical tensile strength was first increased and then decreased, and the peak value was reached when the mass percentage of PA6 was 5. 4%. For PA6/ EPDM-g-MAH/ EPDM barrier material, with the increase of the mass percentage of PA6, the oxygen permeability of PA6/ EPDM-g-MAH/ EPDM was reduced linearly, and the mechanical tensile strength of PA6/ EPDM-g-MAH/ EPDM was increased linearly. The permeability coefficient of the barrier material prepared by the in-mold laminated co-extrusion device can reach 3. 603-10-13cm3 路 cm/ (cm2s 路 Pa), which is 33.93% of the pure EPDM, which is 14.25% of the special-purpose mixed rubber of the tire inner lining layer, and is very close to that of the butyl rubber 1. 070-10-13cm3 路 cm/ (cm2 路 s 路 Pa). The preparation device of a novel micro-nano-stack barrier material is successfully developed, and a rubber product with high gas barrier property is prepared through the simulation guide experiment, At the same time, the forming process of the new micro-nano-stack barrier material was optimized by means of simulation analysis and experimental verification.
【學位授予單位】：北京化工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TQ336;TB33
本文編號：2406929
[Abstract]:It is well known that the common rubber has good gas permeability and the air-tightness is very poor. In many areas, however, rubber with high barrier properties, such as the tire industry, is required to use rubber with excellent gas barrier properties as the tire air-tight layer and the liner layer. butyl rubber is widely used in the field of automobile tires as one of a few rubbers with excellent gas barrier properties. At present, the demand of butyl rubber in China is very large, and the domestic production of butyl rubber is seriously insufficient. In order to solve the market situation of the supply of butyl rubber, a new type of micro-nano-layer barrier material is proposed as the high-barrier rubber which can replace butyl rubber. making it a main use material of various tyre lining layers, air-tight layers and seals, thereby reducing the import of butyl rubber and getting rid of the control of the butyl rubber market of the country. The main contents and research results of this project are as follows: 1. Based on the composite technology of the nano-stack, a set of inner-die laminated co-extrusion devices for preparing a new type of micro-nano-stack barrier material are developed, and the device is set up and debugged. The extrusion and lamination of the laminated co-extrusion device in the mold were verified by the plastic-plastic co-extrusion and the plastic-plastic co-extrusion. The viscous coating and the interfacial instability in the course of the experiment were analyzed by using the theory of polymer rheology. by selecting the material with good compatibility, controlling the co-extrusion process parameters and the reasonable design of the flow channel structure, the product with uniform layer thickness distribution can be obtained. The influence of the parameters such as the viscosity of the material and the co-extrusion temperature on the co-extrusion flow, especially the distribution of the co-extrusion interface. The simulation results show that the main inlet volume flow and the material viscosity of the co-extrusion interface are determined by the two parameters: when the viscosity of the material is the same, the co-extrusion interface is offset to one side with a smaller inlet volume flow, and the larger the inlet volume flow, the greater the interface offset; In the case where the inlet volume flow is the same, the co-extrusion interface is offset to one side with a relatively low melt viscosity, and the greater the melt viscosity difference, the more obvious the interface shift. The results obtained from the related experiments are basically the same as the simulation results, and the reliability of the simulation results is proved, and a meaningful reference is provided for the subsequent preparation of the novel micro-nano-stack barrier material. A new type of micro-nano-stack barrier material was prepared by means of a laminated co-extrusion device. The barrier material was tested by micro-characterization, mechanical tensile strength and gas barrier properties. The results of the test show that the gas barrier properties of the three barrier materials prepared by the in-mold laminated co-extrusion device are of different degrees with that of the pure EPDM. In the case of (PA6 + EPDM-g-MAH + EPDM)/ EPDM barrier material, with the increase of the mass percentage of PA6, the oxygen permeation amount decreased, while the mechanical tensile strength was first increased and then decreased, and the peak value was reached when the mass percentage of PA6 was 5. 4%. For PA6/ EPDM-g-MAH/ EPDM barrier material, with the increase of the mass percentage of PA6, the oxygen permeability of PA6/ EPDM-g-MAH/ EPDM was reduced linearly, and the mechanical tensile strength of PA6/ EPDM-g-MAH/ EPDM was increased linearly. The permeability coefficient of the barrier material prepared by the in-mold laminated co-extrusion device can reach 3. 603-10-13cm3 路 cm/ (cm2s 路 Pa), which is 33.93% of the pure EPDM, which is 14.25% of the special-purpose mixed rubber of the tire inner lining layer, and is very close to that of the butyl rubber 1. 070-10-13cm3 路 cm/ (cm2 路 s 路 Pa). The preparation device of a novel micro-nano-stack barrier material is successfully developed, and a rubber product with high gas barrier property is prepared through the simulation guide experiment, At the same time, the forming process of the new micro-nano-stack barrier material was optimized by means of simulation analysis and experimental verification.
【學位授予單位】：北京化工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TQ336;TB33
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