【摘要】：利用陽離子交換的原理,將陽離子表面活性劑引入膨潤土晶層間,使其有機陽離子與晶層間的無機陽離子進行交換,得到高性能的有機土。有機土最大的特點就是在有機溶劑中具有更加優(yōu)良的凝膠和觸變性能,使其在油基鉆井液、油漆、潤滑油、污水處理、復(fù)合材料等方面有了廣泛的應(yīng)用。本實驗選用新疆X-1、X-2和X-3三種鈣基膨潤土作為原料,以碳酸鈉作為鈉化劑,利用單因素法和正交試驗法分析在不同鈉化環(huán)境下3種膨潤土的膠質(zhì)價、膨脹容和陽離子交換容量的變化,通過對膠質(zhì)價、膨脹容和陽離子交換容量的比較,最終優(yōu)選出新疆X-3膨潤土,得到最佳工藝條件為:鈉化劑加量4%,反應(yīng)溫度60℃,反應(yīng)時間120min,膨潤土濃度為6%。選用陽離子雙子表面活性劑16-4-16與十六烷基三甲基氯化銨1631復(fù)配,在復(fù)配比例為2:1下,利用濕法制備有機土YX-3,得到最佳有機化改性條件:復(fù)配型改性劑加量為30%,反應(yīng)溫度為75℃,反應(yīng)pH值為8,反應(yīng)時間為120min。利用紅外光譜儀對新疆YX-3有機土進行紅外光譜分析,由紅外光譜數(shù)據(jù)可知,可以判斷合成物是目的產(chǎn)物YX-3有機土。對新疆YX-3有機土的膠體率、表觀粘度、塑性粘度、動切力以及濾失量進行了測定和評價,證明了新疆YX-3有機土比現(xiàn)場作業(yè)使用的M-B有機土的性能更加優(yōu)異,并對YX-3有機土在柴油、白油和兩種基液下的抗溫性能進行了評價,發(fā)現(xiàn)YX-3有機土具有良好的抗溫性能,可抗溫210℃~220℃。
[Abstract]:Based on the principle of cation exchange, cationic surfactants were introduced into bentonite interlayer to exchange organic cations with inorganic cations. Organic soil is characterized by its excellent gel and thixotropic properties in organic solvents, which make it widely used in oil-based drilling fluid, paint, lubricating oil, sewage treatment, composite materials and so on. In this experiment, X-1 X-2 and X-3 calcium based bentonite were used as raw materials, sodium carbonate was used as sodium agent, the colloidal value of three kinds of bentonite in different natrifying environment was analyzed by single factor method and orthogonal test. By comparing the colloidal valence, swelling capacity and cation exchange capacity, the X-3 bentonite in Xinjiang was selected. The optimum technological conditions were as follows: sodium addition 4%, reaction temperature 60 鈩，

本文編號：2402230