Al-Cu體系梯度復(fù)合材料的流延法制備及其結(jié)構(gòu)控制
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-20 15:24
【摘要】：梯度復(fù)合材料是一類組成、結(jié)構(gòu)及性能沿著厚度方向漸變的非均質(zhì)復(fù)合材料。梯度復(fù)合材料能夠同時(shí)具備均質(zhì)材料所不能擁有的兩種相矛盾的特性,被廣泛應(yīng)用在航空航天、電磁、核工程和光電工程等領(lǐng)域中。本文針對(duì)以往Al-Cu梯度復(fù)合材料制備過程中結(jié)構(gòu)難以精確控制、致密化困難等問題,采用流延成型法和真空熱壓燒結(jié)法實(shí)現(xiàn)梯度復(fù)合材料的致密化與梯度結(jié)構(gòu)的精確控制。本文首先采用0.6wt.%Hypermer KD-1作為分散劑,2.7wt.%聚乙烯醇縮丁醛(PVB)作為粘接劑,3wt.%甘油作為增塑劑,33.7wt.%無水乙醇和丁酮作為溶劑,調(diào)整Al和Cu粉配比,在流延機(jī)第一刀高度為200μm,第二刀高度為80μm,基帶速率為2.5mm/s的條件下制備出了不同組分Al-Cu的流延膜片。流延膜片均勻性好、無明顯分層沉降,流延膜厚度分布近似于正態(tài)分布,厚度范圍為40-61μm。以排膠后的Al、Cu混合粉體為原料,在真空熱壓條件下制備出了從純鋁到純銅組分的Al-Cu復(fù)合材料,并對(duì)制備出的Al-Cu復(fù)合材料的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)分析。研究結(jié)果表明,在500oC-300MPa-2h的燒結(jié)工藝條件下實(shí)現(xiàn)了Al-Cu復(fù)合材料的致密化,其致密度達(dá)到95.63%以上。Al-Cu復(fù)合材料中,主要的物質(zhì)是Al和Cu元素,但是還含有少量的碳元素,碳元素的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為0.08%-0.84%。碳元素主要是以有機(jī)物和碳單質(zhì)的形式存在于復(fù)合材料中的。Al/Cu顆粒間主要生成厚度約為2-3.5μm擴(kuò)散層,并未發(fā)現(xiàn)金屬間化合物生成。采用了直接混料法得到的Al-Cu復(fù)合材料作對(duì)比,系統(tǒng)分析了燒結(jié)后殘?zhí)繉?duì)Al-Cu復(fù)合材料結(jié)構(gòu)和性能的影響。研究結(jié)果表明:殘?zhí)紝?duì)Al-Cu復(fù)合材料的物相、顯微結(jié)構(gòu)及硬度值沒有明顯的影響。然而殘?zhí)冀档土薃l-Cu復(fù)合材料的密度值,從而降低了Al-Cu復(fù)合材料的致密度,導(dǎo)致開氣孔率幾乎為零的純銅其致密度僅為95.63%。同時(shí),殘?zhí)冀档土薃l-Cu復(fù)合材料的聲波阻抗值,其中純銅的降低幅度最大,達(dá)到19.56%。流延法制備的Al-Cu復(fù)合材料的抗彎強(qiáng)度顯著減小,且隨著銅含量的增加而逐漸增加,其中純鋁的抗彎強(qiáng)度值最小為47.9MPa,純銅的抗彎強(qiáng)度最大為227.11MPa。最后,本文根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)的組成-厚度曲線,采用以上確定的排膠工藝和真空熱壓燒結(jié)工藝,制備出了銅含量為0-66.03wt.%的8層Al-Cu梯度復(fù)合材料。梯度復(fù)合材料的組分控制精度為0.19%-2.9%,厚度控制精度為0.3%-9.6%,厚度誤差范圍不超過±0.01mm。梯度復(fù)合材料整體致密,Al、Cu顆粒分散均勻,層間結(jié)合良好,無明顯的孔洞及裂紋存在。此外,Al-Cu梯度復(fù)合材料的平面度好,Al面平面度值約為6.06μm,高銅面平面度值為7.64μm。超聲無損檢測顯示Al-Cu梯度材料內(nèi)部無明顯缺陷,層間平行性良好。
[Abstract]:Gradient composite is a kind of heterogeneous composite material whose structure and properties change gradually along the thickness direction. Gradient composites are widely used in aerospace, electromagnetism, nuclear engineering and optoelectronic engineering, because they can not possess two kinds of contradictory properties that homogeneous materials can not possess at the same time. In order to solve the problems of difficult structure control and densification in the preparation of Al-Cu gradient composites in the past, the method of casting forming and vacuum hot pressing sintering was used to realize the densification of gradient composites and the precise control of gradient structures. Firstly, 0.6wt.%Hypermer KD-1 was used as dispersant, (PVB) was used as adhesive, 3wt.% glycerol as plasticizer, 33.7 wt.% anhydrous ethanol and butanone as solvent. When the ratio of Al and Cu powder is adjusted, under the conditions of the first knife height of the casting machine is 200 渭 m, the second knife height is 80 渭 m and the base band rate is 2.5mm/s, the different component Al-Cu thin films have been prepared. The thickness distribution of the film is similar to normal distribution, and the thickness range is 40-61 渭 m. The Al-Cu composites from pure aluminum to pure copper were prepared under vacuum hot pressing using the mixed powder of Al,Cu after rubber removal. The structure of the prepared Al-Cu composite was systematically analyzed. The results show that the densification of Al-Cu composites is realized under the sintering conditions of 500oC-300MPa-2h, and the densification of Al-Cu composites is more than 95.63%. The main materials in Al-Cu composites are Al and Cu elements. But it also contains a small amount of carbon, with a mass fraction of 0.08-0.84. The carbon elements are mainly in the form of organic compounds and carbon elements in the composites. The interparticle thickness of Al/Cu is about 2-3.5 渭 m, but no intermetallic compounds are found. The effects of sinter carbon on the structure and properties of Al-Cu composites were systematically analyzed. The results show that the residual carbon has no obvious effect on the phase, microstructure and hardness of Al-Cu composites. However, carbon residue decreases the density of Al-Cu composites, thus reducing the density of Al-Cu composites, resulting in pure copper with almost zero porosity. The density of pure copper is 95.63. At the same time, carbon residue decreases the acoustic impedance of Al-Cu composites, and the pure copper decreases by 19.56. The bending strength of Al-Cu composites prepared by casting method decreased significantly and increased gradually with the increase of copper content. The minimum flexural strength of pure aluminum was 47.9 MPA, and the maximum bending strength of pure copper was 227.11 MPA. Finally, according to the compound-thickness curve of the design, 8-layer Al-Cu gradient composites with copper content of 0-66.03wt.% were prepared by using the above determined gelling process and vacuum hot pressing sintering process. The component control accuracy of the gradient composite is 0.19- 2.9, the thickness control accuracy is 0.3-9.6, and the thickness error range is not more than 鹵0.01mm. Gradient composites are compact, Al,Cu particles are uniformly dispersed, interlaminar bonding is good, and there are no obvious pores and cracks. In addition, the planeness of Al-Cu gradient composite is good, the planeness of Al surface is about 6.06 渭 m, and that of high copper surface is 7.64 渭 m. Ultrasonic nondestructive testing showed that there was no obvious defect in Al-Cu gradient material and the parallelism between layers was good.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TB33
本文編號(hào)：2388182
[Abstract]:Gradient composite is a kind of heterogeneous composite material whose structure and properties change gradually along the thickness direction. Gradient composites are widely used in aerospace, electromagnetism, nuclear engineering and optoelectronic engineering, because they can not possess two kinds of contradictory properties that homogeneous materials can not possess at the same time. In order to solve the problems of difficult structure control and densification in the preparation of Al-Cu gradient composites in the past, the method of casting forming and vacuum hot pressing sintering was used to realize the densification of gradient composites and the precise control of gradient structures. Firstly, 0.6wt.%Hypermer KD-1 was used as dispersant, (PVB) was used as adhesive, 3wt.% glycerol as plasticizer, 33.7 wt.% anhydrous ethanol and butanone as solvent. When the ratio of Al and Cu powder is adjusted, under the conditions of the first knife height of the casting machine is 200 渭 m, the second knife height is 80 渭 m and the base band rate is 2.5mm/s, the different component Al-Cu thin films have been prepared. The thickness distribution of the film is similar to normal distribution, and the thickness range is 40-61 渭 m. The Al-Cu composites from pure aluminum to pure copper were prepared under vacuum hot pressing using the mixed powder of Al,Cu after rubber removal. The structure of the prepared Al-Cu composite was systematically analyzed. The results show that the densification of Al-Cu composites is realized under the sintering conditions of 500oC-300MPa-2h, and the densification of Al-Cu composites is more than 95.63%. The main materials in Al-Cu composites are Al and Cu elements. But it also contains a small amount of carbon, with a mass fraction of 0.08-0.84. The carbon elements are mainly in the form of organic compounds and carbon elements in the composites. The interparticle thickness of Al/Cu is about 2-3.5 渭 m, but no intermetallic compounds are found. The effects of sinter carbon on the structure and properties of Al-Cu composites were systematically analyzed. The results show that the residual carbon has no obvious effect on the phase, microstructure and hardness of Al-Cu composites. However, carbon residue decreases the density of Al-Cu composites, thus reducing the density of Al-Cu composites, resulting in pure copper with almost zero porosity. The density of pure copper is 95.63. At the same time, carbon residue decreases the acoustic impedance of Al-Cu composites, and the pure copper decreases by 19.56. The bending strength of Al-Cu composites prepared by casting method decreased significantly and increased gradually with the increase of copper content. The minimum flexural strength of pure aluminum was 47.9 MPA, and the maximum bending strength of pure copper was 227.11 MPA. Finally, according to the compound-thickness curve of the design, 8-layer Al-Cu gradient composites with copper content of 0-66.03wt.% were prepared by using the above determined gelling process and vacuum hot pressing sintering process. The component control accuracy of the gradient composite is 0.19- 2.9, the thickness control accuracy is 0.3-9.6, and the thickness error range is not more than 鹵0.01mm. Gradient composites are compact, Al,Cu particles are uniformly dispersed, interlaminar bonding is good, and there are no obvious pores and cracks. In addition, the planeness of Al-Cu gradient composite is good, the planeness of Al surface is about 6.06 渭 m, and that of high copper surface is 7.64 渭 m. Ultrasonic nondestructive testing showed that there was no obvious defect in Al-Cu gradient material and the parallelism between layers was good.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TB33
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