【摘要】：受自然界中生物材料精細(xì)結(jié)構(gòu)的啟發(fā),本文分別對(duì)有翅蚜蟲蠟泌物、蒲棒和蝴蝶翅膀進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)觀察和成分分析,選取蒲棒和蝴蝶翅膀作為生物模板,制備了具有原始蒲棒結(jié)構(gòu)和蝶翅結(jié)構(gòu)的仿生功能性材料。對(duì)仿生材料進(jìn)行了形貌及性能的測(cè)試,同時(shí)還探討了不同濃度、不同溶液體系和不同煅燒溫度等工藝參數(shù)對(duì)晶粒的尺寸、分布及復(fù)制結(jié)構(gòu)形貌的影響。主要結(jié)論如下:(1)通過SEM測(cè)試可知,有翅蚜蟲蠟泌物是由空心絲狀物纏繞形成的塊狀物,絲狀物的長(zhǎng)度在20~100μm之間,絲狀物壁厚大約為0.5μm,塊狀物尺寸約為1.3mm左右。通過紅外光譜測(cè)試,有翅蚜蟲蠟泌物由長(zhǎng)鏈脂肪醇、飽和或不飽和的長(zhǎng)鏈烴及帶有芳香烴及其衍生物等構(gòu)成。通過與工業(yè)蠟的XRD圖譜對(duì)比,觀察到有翅蚜蟲蠟泌物的主峰位置與工業(yè)蠟的主峰位置非常接近,可初步確定他們的物相是相同的,經(jīng)過與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)卡片對(duì)比證明有翅蚜蟲蠟泌物是一種天然的生物蠟材料。(2)以蒲棒為模板,通過溶膠-凝膠法,將二氧化鈦前驅(qū)體溶液沉積到蒲棒纖維上,在氮?dú)鈿夥罩羞M(jìn)行高溫碳化,在不同煅燒溫度下,蒲棒纖維轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樘祭w維,前驅(qū)體轉(zhuǎn)變成銳鈦礦型二氧化鈦,形成二氧化鈦包裹碳的納米纖維材料。在400℃煅燒條件下,蒲棒纖維的宏觀結(jié)構(gòu)基本保留完好,晶粒尺寸均勻未發(fā)生團(tuán)聚。二氧化鈦/碳納米纖維材料在光致發(fā)光光譜中存在藍(lán)光發(fā)射峰,光催化實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,該材料在可見光照射下,對(duì)有機(jī)染料有較好地降解效果。(3)以蒲棒為模板,通過配置不同前驅(qū)體溶液制備蒲棒纖維結(jié)構(gòu)的氧化鋅材料。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明以二水合醋酸鋅添加檸檬酸銨的前驅(qū)體溶液能完整的復(fù)制蒲棒結(jié)構(gòu)且晶粒較小,在光致發(fā)光光譜中發(fā)射峰強(qiáng)度最高。(4)通過光學(xué)顯微鏡及掃描電子顯微鏡對(duì)五種蝴蝶翅膀進(jìn)行了形貌觀察分析,并對(duì)蝴蝶翅膀進(jìn)行成分及光學(xué)性能分析。綠帶碧鳳蝶的鱗片相對(duì)扁長(zhǎng),頂端呈多齒形,SEM測(cè)試顯示鱗片微觀結(jié)構(gòu)為蜂窩狀。綠帶碧鳳蝶的藍(lán)色鱗片的反射曲線在465nm處出現(xiàn)最高峰,但反射率偏低,僅為6%左右,而綠色鱗片在507nm處出現(xiàn)峰值,處于綠色的波段內(nèi),反射率為7%。以綠帶碧鳳蝶作為生物模板,配制三種不同前驅(qū)體溶液制備蝶翅結(jié)構(gòu)的氧化鋅材料,最終得到以0.02 M的二水合醋酸鋅添加檸檬酸銨的前驅(qū)體溶液能夠完好的復(fù)制蝴蝶翅膀鱗片的精細(xì)結(jié)構(gòu)。所制備的氧化鋅材料在光致發(fā)光光譜中發(fā)射峰強(qiáng)度最高,紫外吸收測(cè)試表明,在370nm附近有一個(gè)明顯的吸收峰,展現(xiàn)了良好光致發(fā)光及紫外吸收性能。
[Abstract]:Inspired by the fine structure of biomaterials in nature, the structure of wax secretions, bushstick and butterfly wings of APHIS aphidae were observed and analyzed respectively, and the cuddly and butterfly wings were selected as biological templates. Biomimetic functional materials with primitive rod structure and butterfly wing structure were prepared. The morphology and properties of the biomimetic materials were tested, and the effects of different concentration, different solution system and different calcination temperature on the grain size, distribution and replicating structure morphology were also discussed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) by SEM test, the wax secretions of APHIS aphidae were formed by the entwining of hollow filaments. The length of the filaments was between 20 渭 m and 100 渭 m, the wall thickness of the filaments was about 0.5 渭 m, and the size of the bulk was about 1.3mm. The wax secretions of APHIS aphidae are composed of long chain fatty alcohol, saturated or unsaturated long chain hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives. By comparing with the XRD map of industrial wax, it was observed that the main peak position of wax secretion of APHIS aphid was very close to that of industrial wax, and it could be preliminarily confirmed that their contents were the same. Compared with the standard card, it was proved that the wax secretion of APHIS aphid was a kind of natural biological wax material. (2) the solution of TIO _ 2 precursor was deposited on the fiber by sol-gel method. At different calcination temperatures, the fiber was converted into carbon fiber, and the precursor was transformed into anatase type titanium dioxide to form titania coated carbon nanofiber material. When calcined at 400 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2381617