【摘要】：不同尺度下的碳纖維材料在國防軍工、民用設(shè)備、新型能源等行業(yè)具有愈來愈重要的應(yīng)用。聚丙烯腈(PAN)基碳纖維是由PAN原絲經(jīng)過一系列的復(fù)雜工序,制備獲得的絲狀纖維。它具有比強度、比模量和低密度、高溫穩(wěn)定性好、耐磨損、耐腐蝕、電阻率低等優(yōu)良的性能,是一種被廣泛應(yīng)用于工業(yè)領(lǐng)域中的碳材料。碳納米纖維是通過化學(xué)氣相沉積裂解氣相碳氫化合物,由多層石墨卷曲堆疊而形成的碳納米材料,其尺寸介于碳納米管和碳纖維之間,具有普通碳纖維和碳納米管比表面積、長徑比大以及結(jié)構(gòu)致密等優(yōu)點。在實際應(yīng)用過程中,碳纖維及碳納米纖維因其比表面能高,存在與基體材料復(fù)合時的浸潤性較差、高溫服役條件下易于氧化等問題,因此對碳纖維材料進行表面處理以改善其與基體材料的相容性、增強其與基體材料的界面結(jié)合力顯得尤為重要。碳纖維材料表面處理及其電化學(xué)鍍鎳是一種改善界面相容性和增強界面結(jié)合力的有效方法。本文采用丙酮和灼燒方法對碳纖維表面去膠,并對去膠效果、電鍍鎳前后碳纖維微觀形貌、電阻率以及碳纖維的抗氧化性進行分析。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在400℃下灼燒20min的去膠效果最佳,與有機溶劑去膠相比,其效果更好,從微觀形貌中直接反應(yīng)出來的是表面更加光滑,且電阻明顯降低。鍍鎳之后的碳纖維其氧化溫度提高至650℃與鍍鎳前相比提高了200℃,而鍍鎳之后的電阻明顯下降,由之前的29.9?降至1.24?。采用混酸和表面活性劑兩種處理方法制備碳納米纖維紙,并對碳納米纖維紙微觀形貌及其理化性能進行測量。相比于酸處理方法,表面活性劑處理可以在不打斷碳納米纖維的情況下制備出電阻較低的碳納米纖維紙,但其分散液的穩(wěn)定性不如酸處理分散液。通過對兩種碳納米纖維紙的鍍鎳微觀形貌對比,可以看出表面活性劑處理的碳納米纖維紙鍍鎳效果較好,可以形成包覆較好的鎳鍍層。另外,鍍鎳后的碳納米纖維紙的抗氧化性得到提高、電阻率降低、產(chǎn)生磁性。
[Abstract]:Carbon fiber materials of different scales have more and more important applications in defense industry, civil equipment, new energy industry and so on. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based carbon fiber is a filamentous fiber prepared from PAN precursor through a series of complex processes. It has good properties such as specific strength, specific modulus and low density, high temperature stability, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, low resistivity and so on. It is a kind of carbon material widely used in industrial field. Carbon nanofibers (CNTs) are carbon nanomaterials formed by chemical vapor deposition of cracked gas hydrocarbons and stacked with multilayer graphite. The carbon nanofibers are of a size between carbon nanotubes and carbon fibers, and have the specific surface area of common carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes. High aspect ratio and compact structure. In practical application, carbon fiber and carbon nanofibers have some problems such as high surface energy, poor wettability when composite with matrix materials, and easy oxidation under high temperature service conditions. Therefore, it is very important to improve the compatibility between carbon fiber and matrix material and to enhance the interfacial adhesion between carbon fiber material and matrix material. Carbon fiber surface treatment and electrochemical nickel plating is an effective method to improve the interfacial compatibility and enhance the interfacial adhesion. In this paper, acetone and burning methods were used to deglue the surface of carbon fiber. The effect of removing glue, the microstructure of carbon fiber before and after nickel plating, the resistivity and the oxidation resistance of carbon fiber were analyzed. It was found that the best degumming effect was obtained by burning 20min at 400 鈩，

本文編號：2373229