基于散斑剪切干涉的材料無(wú)損檢測(cè)技術(shù)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-07 10:04
【摘要】：近年來(lái)散斑干涉技術(shù)進(jìn)入數(shù)字化時(shí)代,數(shù)字剪切散斑干涉技術(shù)(DSSPI)也應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。數(shù)字剪切散斑干涉技術(shù)因其結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,對(duì)測(cè)量環(huán)境要求低,無(wú)需參考物體、全場(chǎng)非接觸等優(yōu)勢(shì)被認(rèn)為最適用于對(duì)薄板型材料進(jìn)行無(wú)損檢測(cè)。但是目前對(duì)DSSPI的研究還未有從理論角度出發(fā)的詳細(xì)研究。本文從有限元分析軟件ANSYS出發(fā),結(jié)合MATLAB軟件進(jìn)行散斑圖像處理,指導(dǎo)實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)的搭建,并應(yīng)用集成的DSSPI實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)對(duì)鋁板、復(fù)合材料板進(jìn)行缺陷檢測(cè)及分析。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:1.應(yīng)用MATLAB和有限元分析軟件ANSYS進(jìn)行了“PZT位移誤差對(duì)缺陷檢測(cè)的影響”仿真模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)以PI公司生產(chǎn)的P-841.10位移器與E-709.SRG位移控制器的性能指標(biāo)為例,模擬了DSSPI系統(tǒng)中在不同缺陷尺寸、缺陷深度、缺陷位置以及不同的負(fù)載強(qiáng)度情況下,PZT的位移誤差對(duì)缺陷檢測(cè)的影響。所得結(jié)論會(huì)為實(shí)驗(yàn)帶來(lái)指導(dǎo)作用。2.設(shè)計(jì)、搭建并集成了一套基于邁克爾遜干涉結(jié)構(gòu)的數(shù)字散斑剪切干涉系統(tǒng)。在此套系統(tǒng)中,使用PZT作為相移裝置,通過(guò)控制干涉儀中兩反射鏡的角度來(lái)控制系統(tǒng)剪切量。在圖像采集部分,開(kāi)發(fā)了一款軟件用于同步控制PZT位移和CCD圖像采集。該款軟件可以準(zhǔn)確控制曝光量、相移量,還可在散斑圖與干涉條紋圖中切換模式,實(shí)時(shí)觀察干涉條紋形狀,便于控制負(fù)載施加的大小。3.應(yīng)用集成的DSSPI系統(tǒng)對(duì)預(yù)埋不同缺陷尺寸和缺陷深度的鋁板進(jìn)行缺陷檢測(cè)。通過(guò)仿真模擬表明在鋁板背面打孔可模擬板內(nèi)部孔狀缺陷。在有、無(wú)缺陷對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn)中,通過(guò)將有、無(wú)缺陷鋁板的解包裹相位圖進(jìn)行相減對(duì)比這種方法來(lái)將缺陷“放大”。該方法具有較高辨識(shí)度,可用于大量生產(chǎn)的材料板質(zhì)量檢測(cè)中。在不同缺陷尺寸和缺陷深度檢測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中,通過(guò)分析解包裹相位圖與二維相位曲線發(fā)現(xiàn):缺陷深度對(duì)缺陷檢測(cè)的影響要大于缺陷尺寸的影響。即使缺陷尺寸足夠大,如果缺陷深度過(guò)大,缺陷也不能被有效檢測(cè)出來(lái)。這為今后的材料檢測(cè)提供了的一個(gè)依據(jù)。4.應(yīng)用集成的DSSPI系統(tǒng)對(duì)復(fù)合材料板進(jìn)行缺陷檢測(cè)。待測(cè)試件為兩塊受到?jīng)_力的樹(shù)脂加碳纖維復(fù)合材料板,兩塊板經(jīng)過(guò)沖擊后是否存在缺陷未知。通過(guò)分析包裹相位圖與解包裹相位圖,發(fā)現(xiàn)其中一塊復(fù)合材料板存在不止一處缺陷,另一塊復(fù)合材料板雖然表面完整無(wú)異常,但檢測(cè)結(jié)果表明其內(nèi)部包含一處缺陷。檢測(cè)結(jié)果表明,該套DSSPI系統(tǒng)可用于復(fù)合材料表面及其淺表面的缺陷檢測(cè)。通過(guò)本論文從理論到實(shí)驗(yàn)的研究工作,為數(shù)字剪切散斑干涉系統(tǒng)積累了較好的研究數(shù)據(jù)和經(jīng)驗(yàn),為該技術(shù)未來(lái)應(yīng)用于實(shí)際奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, speckle interferometry has entered the digital age, and digital shearing speckle interferometry (DSSPI) has emerged as the times require. Digital shearing speckle interferometry is considered to be the most suitable for nondestructive testing of thin sheet materials because of its simple structure, low requirement for measuring environment, no reference object, full-field non-contact and so on. But at present, the research on DSSPI has not been studied in detail from a theoretical point of view. In this paper, based on the finite element analysis software ANSYS and MATLAB software, speckle image processing is used to guide the construction of the experimental system, and the integrated DSSPI experimental system is used to detect and analyze the defects of aluminum and composite plates. The main contents are as follows: 1. The effect of PZT displacement error on defect detection is simulated by MATLAB and finite element analysis software ANSYS. The performance index of P-841.10 displacement controller and E-709.SRG displacement controller produced by PI Company is taken as an example to simulate the different defect size, defect depth, defect position and different load strength in DSSPI system. The effect of PZT displacement error on defect detection. The conclusion will provide guidance for the experiment. 2. A digital speckle shearing interferometer system based on Michelson interference structure is designed, built and integrated. In this system, PZT is used as a phase-shifting device to control the shearing of the system by controlling the angle of the two mirrors in the interferometer. In the part of image acquisition, a software is developed to synchronously control PZT displacement and CCD image acquisition. The software can accurately control exposure and phase shift. It can also switch mode between speckle pattern and interference fringe, and observe the interference fringe shape in real time, which is convenient to control the size of load applied. The integrated DSSPI system is used to detect the defects of aluminum plates with different defect sizes and depth. The simulation results show that the internal hole defects can be simulated by drilling on the back of the aluminum plate. In the defect free contrast experiment, the defect is "magnified" by subtracting the phase diagram of the unwrapped aluminum plate. The method has high identification and can be used in mass production of material plate quality detection. In the experiments of different defect size and defect depth detection, it is found that the influence of defect depth on defect detection is greater than that on defect size by analyzing unwrapped phase diagram and two-dimensional phase curve. Even if the defect size is large enough, if the defect depth is too large, the defect can not be effectively detected. This provides a basis for future material testing. 4. An integrated DSSPI system is used to detect the defects of composite plate. The tested parts are two impact resin and carbon fiber composite board. Whether there are defects in the two plates after impact is unknown. By analyzing the phase diagram and unwrapping phase diagram, it is found that there is more than one defect in one composite plate. The results show that the DSSPI system can be used to detect the defects of the composite surface and its shallow surface. Through the research work from theory to experiment in this paper, good research data and experience have been accumulated for digital shearing speckle interferometry system, which has laid a foundation for the application of this technology in practice in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TB302.5
[Abstract]:In recent years, speckle interferometry has entered the digital age, and digital shearing speckle interferometry (DSSPI) has emerged as the times require. Digital shearing speckle interferometry is considered to be the most suitable for nondestructive testing of thin sheet materials because of its simple structure, low requirement for measuring environment, no reference object, full-field non-contact and so on. But at present, the research on DSSPI has not been studied in detail from a theoretical point of view. In this paper, based on the finite element analysis software ANSYS and MATLAB software, speckle image processing is used to guide the construction of the experimental system, and the integrated DSSPI experimental system is used to detect and analyze the defects of aluminum and composite plates. The main contents are as follows: 1. The effect of PZT displacement error on defect detection is simulated by MATLAB and finite element analysis software ANSYS. The performance index of P-841.10 displacement controller and E-709.SRG displacement controller produced by PI Company is taken as an example to simulate the different defect size, defect depth, defect position and different load strength in DSSPI system. The effect of PZT displacement error on defect detection. The conclusion will provide guidance for the experiment. 2. A digital speckle shearing interferometer system based on Michelson interference structure is designed, built and integrated. In this system, PZT is used as a phase-shifting device to control the shearing of the system by controlling the angle of the two mirrors in the interferometer. In the part of image acquisition, a software is developed to synchronously control PZT displacement and CCD image acquisition. The software can accurately control exposure and phase shift. It can also switch mode between speckle pattern and interference fringe, and observe the interference fringe shape in real time, which is convenient to control the size of load applied. The integrated DSSPI system is used to detect the defects of aluminum plates with different defect sizes and depth. The simulation results show that the internal hole defects can be simulated by drilling on the back of the aluminum plate. In the defect free contrast experiment, the defect is "magnified" by subtracting the phase diagram of the unwrapped aluminum plate. The method has high identification and can be used in mass production of material plate quality detection. In the experiments of different defect size and defect depth detection, it is found that the influence of defect depth on defect detection is greater than that on defect size by analyzing unwrapped phase diagram and two-dimensional phase curve. Even if the defect size is large enough, if the defect depth is too large, the defect can not be effectively detected. This provides a basis for future material testing. 4. An integrated DSSPI system is used to detect the defects of composite plate. The tested parts are two impact resin and carbon fiber composite board. Whether there are defects in the two plates after impact is unknown. By analyzing the phase diagram and unwrapping phase diagram, it is found that there is more than one defect in one composite plate. The results show that the DSSPI system can be used to detect the defects of the composite surface and its shallow surface. Through the research work from theory to experiment in this paper, good research data and experience have been accumulated for digital shearing speckle interferometry system, which has laid a foundation for the application of this technology in practice in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TB302.5
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