【摘要】：本文綜述了致動(dòng)器材料的研究進(jìn)展,通過(guò)對(duì)致動(dòng)器材料的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),制備了在近紅外(NIR)激光照射下具有光熱效應(yīng)的多壁碳納米管/聚乳酸復(fù)合線材,并結(jié)合熔融沉積成型(FDM)工藝的3D打印技術(shù)構(gòu)筑了紙基雙層結(jié)構(gòu)的光致動(dòng)器。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和結(jié)論如下:1.將純態(tài)多壁碳納米管(MWCNTs)和純態(tài)聚乳酸(PLA)采用溶液共混法和熔融共混法相結(jié)合的方法,成功制備了多壁碳納米管/聚乳酸(MWCNTs/PLA)復(fù)合線材。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):通過(guò)磁力攪拌和機(jī)械剪切的作用,填料MWCNTs能夠均勻的分散在PLA基體中,且相容性很好;熔體流動(dòng)速率(MFR)測(cè)試結(jié)果表明,復(fù)合線材中MWCNTs含量的增加能明顯提高PLA的熔體流動(dòng)速率,當(dāng)碳納米管的含量增加極小量后,復(fù)合線材的熔體流動(dòng)速率基本在同一水平,且復(fù)合材料在擠出前后,熔體流動(dòng)速率無(wú)明顯變化;于此同時(shí),通過(guò)DSC熱分析和TGA熱分析測(cè)試,純態(tài)PLA添加MWCNTs后,發(fā)現(xiàn)玻璃態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換溫度(T_g)和熔點(diǎn)(T_m)均有所下降,由于MWCNTs的添加量很小,所以下降幅度并不大;純PLA添加MWCNTs后,復(fù)合材料具有了明顯的光熱效應(yīng),在近紅外光照射條件下,在很短時(shí)間內(nèi)(1s)即可升溫至玻璃態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換溫度,隨著MWCNTs含量的增加,復(fù)合材料升溫幅度越大,持續(xù)照射15s后,復(fù)合材料溫度接近熔點(diǎn)溫度。2.根據(jù)雙層結(jié)構(gòu)致動(dòng)器設(shè)計(jì)原理,選擇了辦公用紙作為雙層致動(dòng)器的約束層,紙的表面本身具有一定粗糙度,通過(guò)FDM打印機(jī)將MWCNTs/PLA線材加熱熔融擠出,直接沉積在紙面上,構(gòu)筑了紙基雙層結(jié)構(gòu)的光致動(dòng)器,并深入的研究了致動(dòng)器光致機(jī)械響應(yīng)行為的各影響因素,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):在約束層材料紙張厚度不變的前提下,功能層復(fù)合材料的打印層厚和打印層不同結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)均直接影響致動(dòng)器致動(dòng)效果,功能層復(fù)合材料打印層越薄越有利于其綜合致動(dòng)性能的提升,同時(shí)條紋間隔結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)也可以提高其致動(dòng)效果。3.利用3D打印技術(shù)自由設(shè)計(jì)的優(yōu)勢(shì),進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化了致動(dòng)器光致機(jī)械響應(yīng)行為。借鑒仿生學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)原理,最終打印了一朵花,通過(guò)光源的開(kāi)關(guān)控制模擬花開(kāi)花合的光致智能機(jī)械可逆的響應(yīng)過(guò)程。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the research progress of actuator materials is reviewed. By optimizing the design of actuator materials, multi-wall carbon nanotubes / polylactic acid composite wires with photothermal effect under near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation are prepared. The paper-based photoactuators with double-layer structure were constructed by using the 3D printing technology of melt deposition forming (FDM) process. The main contents and conclusions are as follows: 1. The multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MCNTs) / polylactic acid (MWCNTs/PLA) composite wires were successfully prepared by solution blending and melt blending with pure multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and pure polylactic acid (PLA). It is found that the filler MWCNTs can be uniformly dispersed in the PLA matrix by magnetic stirring and mechanical shear, and the compatibility is very good. The results of melt flow rate (MFR) test show that the increase of MWCNTs content in composite wire can obviously increase the melt flow rate of PLA. When the content of carbon nanotube increases to a minimum, the melt flow rate of composite wire is basically at the same level. The melt flow rate of the composites did not change obviously before and after extrusion. At the same time, by means of DSC thermal analysis and TGA thermal analysis, after adding MWCNTs to pure PLA, it is found that the glass state transition temperature (T _ S _ g) and melting point (T _ m) have decreased. After adding MWCNTs to pure PLA, the composites have obvious photothermal effect. Under the condition of near-infrared irradiation, the glass state transition temperature can be increased in a very short time (1 s). With the increase of MWCNTs content, the higher the temperature of the composite is, the greater the temperature of the composite is. After continuous irradiation for 15 s, the temperature of the composite material was close to the melting point temperature. 2. 2. According to the design principle of double-layer actuator, office paper is chosen as the restraint layer of double-layer actuator. The surface of paper has certain roughness. The MWCNTs/PLA wire is heated and extruded by FDM printer and deposited on paper directly. A paper based photoactuator with double-layer structure is constructed, and the influencing factors of the photoinduced mechanical response of the actuator are studied. The results show that: under the premise that the thickness of the paper is not changed, The thickness of the printing layer and the design of the different structure of the printing layer have direct influence on the actuator actuation effect. The thinner the printing layer of the functional layer composite is, the better the comprehensive actuator performance is. At the same time, the design of stripe spacer structure can also improve its actuation effect. The optomechanical response of the actuator is further optimized by using the advantage of free design of 3D printing technology. Based on the design principle of bionic structure, a flower is printed and controlled by the switch of the light source to simulate the light-induced intelligent mechanical reversible response of the flower.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TP391.73;TB33

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