【摘要】：高速輪軌軸承、航空發(fā)動機(jī)軸承以及重型裝甲車輛軸承等高副構(gòu)件被要求在高溫環(huán)境下,具有較高的穩(wěn)定性、較大的承載能力以及較長的使用壽命。單一材料的使用工作性能早已不能滿足現(xiàn)代工業(yè)中機(jī)械零件的加工使用要求。重載作用直接增加高副零件接觸位置的接觸壓力,同時由于高溫的作用,潤滑介質(zhì)黏度下降,致使油膜承載能力降低,接觸表面潤滑介質(zhì)容易破壞,因此高溫重載下的高副接觸零件使用壽命不長,過早出現(xiàn)疲勞磨損破壞,這種破壞是不可逆的。本課題研究兩種不同彈性模量金屬材料復(fù)合組成高副彈性體,通過設(shè)計彈性體彈性模量外高內(nèi)低的形式,增大構(gòu)件整體接觸變形能力。在相同載荷下,且雙金屬復(fù)合彈性體外層金屬與單一材料高副構(gòu)件相同材質(zhì)時,雙金屬復(fù)合彈性體的真實(shí)接觸面積更大,可有效的減小接觸壓強(qiáng),對接觸表面起到減摩抗磨的作用以及潤滑介質(zhì)的保護(hù)。課題研究的主要內(nèi)容如下:(1)基于經(jīng)典赫茲接觸理論,探究3種不同彈性模量屬性的金屬材料對圓柱體接觸性能的影響,進(jìn)而提出雙金屬復(fù)合彈性體的設(shè)計理念以及設(shè)計方法,通過摩擦構(gòu)件組成材料彈性模量外高內(nèi)低的形式,提高構(gòu)件接觸變形能力,改善接觸構(gòu)件整體接觸性能。(2)利用ANSYS有限元仿真軟件,建立了平行圓柱接觸有限元模型。通過單因素法對比分析了不同法向載荷作用下,單一材料平行圓柱體接觸壓力和接觸變形的有限元模擬值與赫茲接觸理論值,驗(yàn)證有限元模型建立的合理性和有限元方法分析平行圓柱接觸問題的可靠性。(3)進(jìn)而建立不同彈性模量雙金屬復(fù)合彈性平行圓柱體接觸有限元模型,在相同載荷下,分析外層金屬厚度和內(nèi)外層金屬彈性模量配比等單一因素對雙金屬復(fù)合彈性體接觸性能的影響。對比分析單一材料高副構(gòu)件與雙金屬復(fù)合彈性高副構(gòu)件的接觸性能,驗(yàn)證雙金屬復(fù)合彈性高副構(gòu)件具有更好的接觸性能。(4)針對平行圓柱接觸分析,設(shè)計適合本文幾何模型的平行圓柱接觸摩擦試驗(yàn)機(jī)構(gòu),簡述了動力部件和加載機(jī)構(gòu)中主要部件的選擇,并對受力構(gòu)件進(jìn)行強(qiáng)度分析。對比多組單一材料平行圓柱體摩擦磨損試驗(yàn)結(jié)果,驗(yàn)證本文設(shè)計的平行圓柱摩擦磨損機(jī)構(gòu)具有較好的運(yùn)行平穩(wěn)性、試驗(yàn)的可靠性以及試驗(yàn)的重復(fù)性。(5)通過試驗(yàn)分析驗(yàn)證外層金屬厚度對不同彈性模量雙金屬復(fù)合彈性體接觸性能的影響。雙金屬復(fù)合彈性圓柱體相比單一材料平行圓柱體磨痕寬度較大,磨損量較小。說明較大的磨痕寬度不是磨損過深產(chǎn)生的,而是接觸變形引起的。雙金屬復(fù)合彈性圓柱體內(nèi)外層金屬的彈性模量配比越高,復(fù)合彈性圓柱體接觸性能越好。
[Abstract]:High-speed wheel-rail bearings, aeroengine bearings and heavy-duty armored vehicle bearings are required to have higher stability, larger bearing capacity and longer service life under high temperature. The working performance of single material can not meet the requirements of machining and application of mechanical parts in modern industry. The heavy load directly increases the contact pressure of the contact position of the high pair parts. At the same time, the viscosity of the lubricating medium decreases due to the effect of high temperature, resulting in the reduction of the oil film bearing capacity and the easy destruction of the lubricating medium on the contact surface. Therefore, the service life of high contact parts under high temperature and heavy load is not long, and fatigue wear failure occurs prematurely, which is irreversible. In this paper, two kinds of metal materials with different modulus of elasticity are studied to form high pair elastomer. By designing the form of high and low elastic modulus outside, the contact deformation ability of member is increased. Under the same load, and when the outer metal of the bimetallic composite elastomer is the same as the high pair member of a single material, the true contact area of the bimetal composite elastomer is larger, which can effectively reduce the contact pressure. It can reduce friction and wear on the contact surface and protect the lubricating medium. The main contents of the research are as follows: (1) based on the classical Hertz contact theory, the effects of three kinds of metallic materials with different elastic modulus properties on the contact properties of cylinders are investigated. Furthermore, the design concept and design method of bimetallic composite elastomer are put forward. Through the form of high elastic modulus and low internal elastic modulus of friction member, the contact deformation ability of the member is improved. (2) the finite element model of parallel cylindrical contact is established by using ANSYS finite element simulation software. The contact pressure and deformation of a single material parallel cylinder under different normal loads are compared with the Hertz contact theory by single factor method. The rationality of the finite element model and the reliability of the finite element method to analyze the parallel cylindrical contact problem are verified. (3) the contact finite element model of different elastic modulus of bimetallic composite elastic parallel cylindrical contact is established, and under the same load, The effects of the thickness of outer metal and the ratio of elastic modulus of inner and outer layers on the contact properties of bimetallic composite elastomer were analyzed. Comparing and analyzing the contact performance between single material high pair and bimetallic composite elastic high pair, it is proved that bimetallic composite elastic high pair has better contact performance. (4) for parallel cylindrical contact analysis, A parallel cylindrical contact friction test mechanism suitable for the geometric model of this paper is designed. The selection of main components in the dynamic component and the loading mechanism is briefly described, and the strength analysis of the bearing member is carried out. By comparing the friction and wear test results of parallel cylinder with single material, it is proved that the parallel cylinder friction and wear mechanism designed in this paper has a good running stability. The reliability of the test and the repeatability of the test. (5) the influence of the thickness of the outer metal on the contact properties of bimetallic composite elastomer with different elastic modulus was verified by the experimental analysis. Compared with single material, the wear scar width of bimetallic composite elastic cylinder is larger than that of single material parallel cylinder, and the wear amount is smaller. It shows that the larger abrasion width is not caused by excessive wear, but by contact deformation. The higher the ratio of elastic modulus of bimetallic composite elastic cylinder is, the better the contact property of composite elastic cylinder is.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TB331

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