阻燃PS保溫材料的制備及其阻燃性能研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-31 12:10
【摘要】：由聚苯乙烯樹脂為代表的有機(jī)外墻保溫材料所引起的建筑火災(zāi)已成為廣受關(guān)注的火災(zāi)事故類別。因此,研究聚苯乙烯材料的燃燒性能并對(duì)此類材料進(jìn)行阻燃處理是十分有必要的,而通過添加阻燃劑對(duì)聚苯乙烯基體進(jìn)行阻燃處理是一種行之有效的方式。本文通過熔融共混法制備三個(gè)聚苯乙烯阻燃體系,分別為聚苯乙烯/溴-銻/硼酸鋅/八鉬酸銨復(fù)合材料、聚苯乙烯/膨脹阻燃劑/氧化鋅復(fù)合材料和聚苯乙烯/膨脹阻燃劑/硼酸鋅復(fù)合材料體系、聚苯乙烯/聚苯醚/膨脹阻燃劑復(fù)合材料體系。借助氧指數(shù)法、UL-94垂直燃燒法、錐型量熱儀、掃描電鏡,分別對(duì)三個(gè)阻燃體系的燃燒性能進(jìn)行測(cè)試并對(duì)燃燒碳渣進(jìn)行微觀形貌表征,得到結(jié)論如下:(1)溴-銻協(xié)效阻燃PS,通過氧指數(shù)表明十溴二苯乙烷與三氧化二銻比例為3:1時(shí)阻燃效果最顯著。80%聚苯乙烯/15%溴-銻/2%硼酸鋅/3%八鉬酸銨復(fù)合材料,其錐型量熱儀測(cè)試結(jié)果表明:同純樣比,最大熱釋放速率降低68.53%,THR下降60.58%�；馂�(zāi)性能指數(shù)和火災(zāi)發(fā)展指數(shù),表明材料在燃燒時(shí)發(fā)生轟燃的可能性比純樣有所降低,并且阻燃劑抑制了火焰的傳播速度,提高了火災(zāi)安全性能。但是復(fù)合材料的生煙速率卻略微提升,ZB和AOM的加入沒有達(dá)到預(yù)期的抑煙效果。(2)以PS為基體制備的復(fù)合材料中,鋅的化合物與膨脹阻燃劑復(fù)配可提高PS氧指數(shù)。阻燃劑總添加量為30%,PS5c即70%聚苯乙烯/28%膨脹阻燃劑/2%硼酸鋅樣品阻燃效果最好。測(cè)試表明:與純樣比,pk-HRR降低幅度最大為60.70%,在CO生成速率、火災(zāi)煙氣生成速率、煙氣總生成量等方面在所有樣品中表現(xiàn)最好,SEM碳渣結(jié)構(gòu)較為致密,起到良好隔熱隔氧作用,使火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性最低。(3)以PS為基體與PPO和IFR熔融混煉制備的復(fù)合材料中,阻燃劑總添加量為40%,IFR與PPO比例為3:1時(shí),在熱釋放速率、最大釋熱率(下降為50.56%)、CO生成速率、生煙速率及總生煙量、火災(zāi)性能指數(shù)上有最好的表現(xiàn),SEM碳渣結(jié)構(gòu)致密,火災(zāi)安全性能最高。固定聚苯醚的含量為20%,不斷增大IFR的添加量,HRR、pk-HRR、SPR、TSP等燃燒性能參數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)就越理想,因此推斷膨脹阻燃劑在阻燃抑煙方面起主要作用。
[Abstract]:The building fire caused by polystyrene resin as the representative of organic exterior wall insulation material has become a widely concerned category of fire accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to study the combustion properties of polystyrene materials and treat them with flame retardant, and it is an effective way to treat polystyrene matrix by adding flame retardant. In this paper, three polystyrene flame-retardant systems were prepared by melt blending method, which were polystyrene / bromo-antimony / zinc borate / ammonium octamolybdate composites. Polystyrene / intumescent flame retardant / zinc oxide composite, polystyrene / intumescent flame retardant / zinc borate composite system, polystyrene / polyphenylene ether / intumescent flame retardant composite system. With the help of oxygen index method, UL-94 vertical combustion method, cone calorimeter and scanning electron microscope, the combustion properties of three flame retardant systems were tested and the microscopic morphology of combustion carbon slag was characterized. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Bromine antimony synergistic flame retardant PS, The oxygen index showed that the flame retardancy was the most obvious when the ratio of decabromodiphenylethane to antimony trioxide was 3:1. 80% polystyrene / 15% bromo-antimony / 2% zinc borate / 3% ammonium octamolybdate composite was obtained. The results of pyramidal calorimeter showed that the maximum heat release rate decreased 68.53 and THR decreased 60.58 compared with the pure sample. The fire performance index and fire development index show that the probability of flashover is lower than that of pure sample, and the flame retardant inhibits the flame propagation speed and improves the fire safety performance. However, the smoke generation rate of the composites increased slightly, and the addition of ZB and AOM did not achieve the expected smoke suppression effect. (2) in the composites prepared with PS as the matrix, the combination of zinc compounds and intumescent flame retardants could improve the oxygen index of PS. The flame retardant effect of the sample containing 30% PS5c (70% polystyrene / 28% intumescent flame retardant / 2% zinc borate) was the best. The results showed that the maximum decrease of pk-HRR was 60.70 compared with the pure sample. The CO formation rate, the fire smoke formation rate and the total flue gas production were the best among all the samples, and the structure of SEM carbon residue was relatively compact. (3) in the composites prepared by melt mixing of PS with PPO and IFR, the total amount of flame retardant is 40%, when the ratio of IFR to PPO is 3:1, the heat release rate of the composites is at 3:1. The maximum heat release rate (decreased to 50.56%), CO rate, smoke rate, total smoke generation rate, fire performance index) has the best performance, SEM carbon slag structure is compact, fire safety performance is the highest. When the content of fixed polyphenylene ether is 20 and the amount of IFR is increased, the data of combustion performance parameters such as HRR,pk-HRR,SPR,TSP are more ideal. It is concluded that the intumescent flame retardant plays a major role in flame retardation and smoke suppression.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TQ325.2;TB33
本文編號(hào)：2302136
[Abstract]:The building fire caused by polystyrene resin as the representative of organic exterior wall insulation material has become a widely concerned category of fire accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to study the combustion properties of polystyrene materials and treat them with flame retardant, and it is an effective way to treat polystyrene matrix by adding flame retardant. In this paper, three polystyrene flame-retardant systems were prepared by melt blending method, which were polystyrene / bromo-antimony / zinc borate / ammonium octamolybdate composites. Polystyrene / intumescent flame retardant / zinc oxide composite, polystyrene / intumescent flame retardant / zinc borate composite system, polystyrene / polyphenylene ether / intumescent flame retardant composite system. With the help of oxygen index method, UL-94 vertical combustion method, cone calorimeter and scanning electron microscope, the combustion properties of three flame retardant systems were tested and the microscopic morphology of combustion carbon slag was characterized. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Bromine antimony synergistic flame retardant PS, The oxygen index showed that the flame retardancy was the most obvious when the ratio of decabromodiphenylethane to antimony trioxide was 3:1. 80% polystyrene / 15% bromo-antimony / 2% zinc borate / 3% ammonium octamolybdate composite was obtained. The results of pyramidal calorimeter showed that the maximum heat release rate decreased 68.53 and THR decreased 60.58 compared with the pure sample. The fire performance index and fire development index show that the probability of flashover is lower than that of pure sample, and the flame retardant inhibits the flame propagation speed and improves the fire safety performance. However, the smoke generation rate of the composites increased slightly, and the addition of ZB and AOM did not achieve the expected smoke suppression effect. (2) in the composites prepared with PS as the matrix, the combination of zinc compounds and intumescent flame retardants could improve the oxygen index of PS. The flame retardant effect of the sample containing 30% PS5c (70% polystyrene / 28% intumescent flame retardant / 2% zinc borate) was the best. The results showed that the maximum decrease of pk-HRR was 60.70 compared with the pure sample. The CO formation rate, the fire smoke formation rate and the total flue gas production were the best among all the samples, and the structure of SEM carbon residue was relatively compact. (3) in the composites prepared by melt mixing of PS with PPO and IFR, the total amount of flame retardant is 40%, when the ratio of IFR to PPO is 3:1, the heat release rate of the composites is at 3:1. The maximum heat release rate (decreased to 50.56%), CO rate, smoke rate, total smoke generation rate, fire performance index) has the best performance, SEM carbon slag structure is compact, fire safety performance is the highest. When the content of fixed polyphenylene ether is 20 and the amount of IFR is increased, the data of combustion performance parameters such as HRR,pk-HRR,SPR,TSP are more ideal. It is concluded that the intumescent flame retardant plays a major role in flame retardation and smoke suppression.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TQ325.2;TB33
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