【摘要】：隨著全球人口的急劇增長(zhǎng)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,資源短缺和環(huán)境污染已成為人類當(dāng)前面臨的兩大難題,利用可再生資源開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境友好型的新功能材料在當(dāng)今嚴(yán)酷的現(xiàn)實(shí)條件下具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)和長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)意義。纖維素來(lái)源廣泛、價(jià)格低廉、可塑性強(qiáng),可用于合成、制備可降解環(huán)保材料;利用其復(fù)雜的微觀網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu),纖維素還可作為制作新型納米功能材料的理想模板�；谝陨显�,本文以纖維素為基礎(chǔ),開(kāi)展環(huán)境功能材料的制備與研究。(1)以精制棉纖維素為主要原料,利用乙�；男灾频么姿崂w維素(CA),在CA中混入不同比例的自制醋酸酯淀粉(SA),通過(guò)交聯(lián)劑檸檬酸三丁酯的作用使混合體系發(fā)生交叉克萊森酯縮合反應(yīng)融合成鑄膜液,制備得到了生物降解塑料薄膜。通過(guò)對(duì)FT-TR、XRD、SEM、TGA和力學(xué)性能等表征結(jié)果和土壤填埋降解實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)制膜原料各組分融合較好,塑料膜成膜緊密,結(jié)構(gòu)平整、光滑,熱穩(wěn)定性突出,力學(xué)性能也基本符合實(shí)用需求;降解性能良好,通過(guò)改變SA的含量,可實(shí)現(xiàn)生物降解膜在自然環(huán)境中的可控降解。(2)以脫脂棉和濾紙纖維素為模板和構(gòu)筑支架,以鈦酸四丁酯為鈦源,利用表面溶膠-凝膠法在纖維素表面沉積溶膠薄膜,通過(guò)分別在氮?dú)夥諊涂諝夥諊徐褵?制備得到:摻雜和未摻雜鈰元素的二氧化鈦碳納米纖維材料及二氧化鈦納米管。利用FT-TR、XRD、SEM、TGA和BET等多種表征手段和亞甲基藍(lán)降解實(shí)驗(yàn)考察了不同條件下制得樣品的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)與光催化性能,發(fā)現(xiàn)氮氛圍中煅燒的二氧化鈦凝膠層轉(zhuǎn)化為銳鈦礦晶型,并完全貼合、附著在碳納米纖維表面,復(fù)制了纖維素的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)特征,成功實(shí)現(xiàn)了催化劑的固定化;催化劑樣品具有較大的比表面積和良好的晶相結(jié)構(gòu),而摻雜的鈰元素進(jìn)一步改善了樣品的結(jié)晶特性和光催化性能。
[Abstract]:With the rapid growth of global population and rapid economic development, the shortage of resources and environmental pollution have become two major problems facing mankind. The exploitation of environment-friendly new functional materials using renewable resources is of great practical and long-term significance in today's harsh reality. Cellulose has a wide range of sources, low price, strong plasticity, can be used for synthesis, preparation of degradable environmental protection materials, and the use of its complex micro-network structure, cellulose can also be used as an ideal template for the preparation of new nano-functional materials. For the above reasons, the preparation and study of environmental functional materials based on cellulose were carried out in this paper. (1) cellulose acetate (CA), was prepared by acetylation of refined cotton cellulose as main raw material. The biodegradable plastic film was prepared by mixing different proportions of self-made acetate starch (SA), in CA through crosslinking agent tributyl citrate to fuse the mixture system to cast film solution. Through the analysis of FT-TR,XRD,SEM,TGA, mechanical properties and the results of soil landfill degradation experiment, it was found that the components of the film were fused well, the plastic film was closely formed, the structure was smooth, and the thermal stability was prominent. The mechanical properties also basically meet the practical needs; The biodegradable film can be controlled degraded in natural environment by changing the content of SA. (2) the biodegradable membrane was prepared by using cotton and filter paper cellulose as template and scaffold, and tetrabutyl titanate as titanium source. The surface sol-gel method was used to deposit the sol-film on the cellulose surface. The TIO _ 2 carbon nanofibers and TIO _ 2 nanotubes were prepared by calcining in nitrogen atmosphere and air atmosphere respectively. The structure and photocatalytic properties of the samples prepared under different conditions were investigated by means of FT-TR,XRD,SEM,TGA and BET and methylene blue degradation experiments. It was found that the TIO _ 2 gel layer calcined in nitrogen atmosphere was transformed into anatase crystal form and completely attached to the surface of carbon nanofiber. The microstructural characteristics of cellulose were copied and the immobilization of catalyst was successfully realized. The catalyst sample has a large specific surface area and a good crystal phase structure, while the doped cerium element further improves the crystallization characteristics and photocatalytic performance of the sample.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TQ352.1;TB34

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