發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-25 08:20

【摘要】：本文以稻殼為原料,采用高溫炭化法制備出稻殼基陶瓷顆粒(RHC)。利用化學(xué)鍍方法制備出鍍鎳稻殼基陶瓷顆粒(Ni-RHC),研究實(shí)現(xiàn)RHC顆粒表面均勻化學(xué)鍍鎳的最優(yōu)工藝;然后用鍍鎳顆粒制備成坯體,研究其摩擦學(xué)性能;并將鍍鎳顆粒作為鋁基復(fù)合材料的增強(qiáng)體,研究其含量對復(fù)合材料摩擦學(xué)性能的影響。采用單因素和正交試驗(yàn)對RHC顆粒表面鍍鎳工藝進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,考察不同工藝參數(shù)對施鍍效果的影響。結(jié)果表明:影響鍍鎳的因素順序是:次亞磷酸鈉濃度溫度pH時(shí)間;RHC顆粒表面鍍鎳的優(yōu)化工藝參數(shù)為:60℃、180 min、pH=11、次亞磷酸鈉濃度為180 g/L。利用掃描電子顯微鏡,傅里葉紅外光譜,X射線衍射等現(xiàn)代分析手段對顆粒表面與結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分析,結(jié)果表明:傅里葉紅外光譜顯示RHC有-OH、-CH_3、-CH_2-、-C_6H_5等官能團(tuán);X射線衍射圖顯示RHC中無定形碳居多,含有少量的石墨微晶,Ni-RHC中鎳的X射線衍射特征峰表明施鍍?nèi)〉贸晒?SEM/EDS結(jié)果再次驗(yàn)證了RHC顆粒表面已成功鍍上鎳層,顆粒主要含有碳、硅、磷、鎳和氧5種元素。利用冷壓制成型技術(shù)將RHC和Ni-RHC顆粒制備成稻殼基陶瓷坯(RHA)和鍍鎳稻殼基陶瓷坯(Ni-RHA)摩擦材料;研究載荷和轉(zhuǎn)速對其摩擦性能的影響。結(jié)果表明,同等條件下,Ni-RHA磨損體積相對于RHA降低100倍左右,在高載荷和速度條件下Ni-RHA減摩性能較RHA好。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在RHA對磨件鋼球表面有一層黑色附著物,主要組成元素為C和O,對鋼球表面碳進(jìn)行拉曼分析。結(jié)果表明RHA對偶鋼球表面碳發(fā)生了一定程度的石墨化。Ni-RHA由于在摩擦過程中鎳首先剝落到摩擦界面形成連續(xù)的保護(hù)層,進(jìn)而起到抗磨的功效。將制得RHC和Ni-RHC顆粒作為增強(qiáng)相,通過冷壓燒結(jié)工藝得到RHC/Al和Ni-RHC/Al復(fù)合材料。研究不同顆粒添加量對復(fù)合材料的摩擦性能影響,結(jié)果表明當(dāng)添加量為15 wt%時(shí),磨損體積最小。復(fù)合材料的硬度測試結(jié)果表明,Ni-RHC/Al復(fù)合材料的硬度同比高于RHC/Al。進(jìn)一步添加5 wt%MoS_2,該復(fù)合材料抗磨性能有了進(jìn)一步的提升,這歸因于MoS_2的抗磨減摩功效。磨損機(jī)理的研究結(jié)果表明,純基體材料在摩擦過程中產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的塑性變形和粘著磨損。添加RHC硬質(zhì)顆粒由于具有一定的承載能力,使得整體復(fù)合材料的抗磨性能得到有效的提升,但同時(shí)也容易導(dǎo)致摩擦過程中由于顆粒剝落產(chǎn)生磨粒磨損。添加Ni-RHC顆粒,摩擦作用首先使得顆粒表面金屬鎳剝落,從而有效改善了摩擦界面的進(jìn)一步磨損。
[Abstract]:In this paper, using rice husk as raw material, rice husk based ceramic particle (RHC). Was prepared by high-temperature carbonization method. Ni-coated rice husk based ceramic particles (Ni-RHC) were prepared by electroless plating, and the optimal process of uniform electroless nickel plating on the surface of RHC particles was studied, and then the billet was prepared by nickel plating particles, and its tribological properties were studied. The effect of nickel-plated particles on the tribological properties of aluminum matrix composites was studied. Single factor and orthogonal test were used to optimize the nickel plating process on the surface of RHC particles, and the effect of different process parameters on the plating effect was investigated. The results show that the order of the factors influencing nickel plating is the concentration of sodium hypophosphite at pH time, the optimum technological parameters of nickel plating on the surface of RHC particles are as follows: 60 鈩，

本文編號：2293149