【摘要】：隨著社會的不斷進步,工業(yè)化的飛速發(fā)展,交通運輸業(yè)越來越發(fā)揮其重要作用,同時對交通工具和動力機械的速度、負荷及安全性能要求越來越高,因此作為交通工具的摩擦材料其相應(yīng)的要求也更高。摩擦材料不僅要具有良好的耐溫性能、機械強度、耐磨性能及穩(wěn)定的摩擦系數(shù),還要具有質(zhì)輕,制動時無噪音,對環(huán)境無污染,成本低等一系列特點。碳纖維具有良好的耐磨性、導(dǎo)熱率高、抗拉性能好、對環(huán)境無污染、質(zhì)輕等優(yōu)點,在摩擦材料中發(fā)揮著舉足輕重的作用。同時由于界面在復(fù)合材料中能夠起到傳遞應(yīng)力及各組分形成一個整體的作用,因此界面對復(fù)合材料綜合性能的發(fā)揮起著關(guān)鍵性作用。研究結(jié)果表明,良好的界面結(jié)合強度有助于復(fù)合材料力學(xué)性能的發(fā)揮。本文首先研究了碳纖維增強樹脂基復(fù)合材料的界面性能,采用丙酮、濃硝酸、硅烷偶聯(lián)劑對碳纖維進行了四種不同性質(zhì)的表面處理,并分別采用處理后的碳纖維制備了碳纖維樹脂基復(fù)合材料。采用掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)、微機控制萬能試驗機研究了碳纖維樹脂基復(fù)合材料的拉伸強度與斷口微觀形貌的變化,結(jié)果表明：碳纖維經(jīng)過丙酮浸泡,濃硝酸粗化,再經(jīng)過硅烷偶聯(lián)劑處理與碳纖維經(jīng)過丙酮浸泡,濃硝酸處理增強了碳纖維與基體的結(jié)合強度。緊接著再研究碳纖維與銅顆粒對聚甲醛復(fù)合材料的摩擦磨損性能、硬度、沖擊強度的影響規(guī)律。將不同含量的碳纖維、銅顆粒加入聚甲醛基體中制成了不同配比的復(fù)合材料,通過實驗儀器測得摩擦系數(shù)、磨損率、硬度及沖擊強度,并對磨損后的形貌及沖擊斷面進行觀察。通過實驗研究表明：碳纖維、銅顆粒顯著提高了聚甲醛的耐磨性,0.628m/s,100N實驗條件下,碳纖維100%+銅顆粒10%構(gòu)成的復(fù)合材料的磨損率最低,其磨損率比單獨添加碳纖維10%降低了48.5%。摩擦表面形貌分析表明,添加銅顆粒使復(fù)合材料摩擦表面光滑,但卻增大了摩擦系數(shù)。不同含量的碳纖維和銅顆粒的加入會不同程度的增加摩擦材料的硬度。隨著復(fù)合材料中碳纖維添加量的增加,其硬度值先增大后減小；當復(fù)合材料中碳纖維添加量為10%時,隨著銅顆粒含量的增加,復(fù)合材料的硬度逐漸增大。隨著復(fù)合材料中碳纖維添加量的增加,其沖擊強度先增加后減小。當碳纖維含量為10%時,沖擊強度隨著銅顆粒含量增加而增加。添加銅顆粒的復(fù)合材料的沖擊斷面相對于不含銅顆粒的斷面,出現(xiàn)斷面不平整、凹凸不平的現(xiàn)象。
[Abstract]:With the continuous progress of the society and the rapid development of industrialization, the transportation industry is playing an important role more and more. At the same time, the speed, load and safety performance of the vehicles and power machinery are more and more demanding. Therefore, as a vehicle of friction material its corresponding requirements are higher. Friction materials should not only have good temperature resistance, mechanical strength, wear resistance and stable friction coefficient, but also have a series of characteristics such as light weight, no noise during braking, no pollution to environment, low cost and so on. Carbon fiber has the advantages of good wear resistance, high thermal conductivity, good tensile performance, no pollution to the environment, light weight and so on. It plays an important role in friction materials. At the same time, the interface plays a key role in the comprehensive properties of the composite because it can transfer the stress and form a whole function of each component in the composite material. The results show that the good interfacial bonding strength is helpful to the exertion of the mechanical properties of the composites. In this paper, the interfacial properties of carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composites were studied. The surface of carbon fiber was treated with acetone, concentrated nitric acid and silane coupling agents. Carbon fiber resin matrix composites were prepared with treated carbon fibers. The change of tensile strength and fracture morphology of carbon fiber resin matrix composites was studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM),) microcomputer controlled universal testing machine. The results showed that carbon fiber was soaked in acetone and thickened by nitric acid. After silane coupling agent treatment and carbon fiber soaking in acetone, concentrated nitric acid treatment enhanced the bond strength between carbon fiber and matrix. Then the effects of carbon fiber and copper particles on the friction and wear properties, hardness and impact strength of POM composites were studied. The composites with different proportions were prepared by adding carbon fiber and copper particles with different contents into the polyformaldehyde matrix. The friction coefficient, wear rate, hardness and impact strength were measured by means of experimental instruments. The morphology and impact section of the composites after wear were observed. The experimental results show that the wear resistance of polyformaldehyde is significantly improved by carbon fiber and copper particles. Under the experimental condition of 0.628 m / s / s ~ 100N, the wear rate of composites composed of 10% carbon fiber 100% copper particles is the lowest, and the wear rate is 48.5% lower than that of 10% carbon fiber alone. The analysis of the friction surface morphology shows that the friction surface of the composites is smooth but the friction coefficient is increased with the addition of copper particles. Different content of carbon fiber and copper particles will increase the hardness of friction materials. With the increase of carbon fiber content, the hardness of the composite increases first and then decreases. When the carbon fiber content is 10%, the hardness of the composite increases with the increase of copper particle content. With the increase of carbon fiber content, the impact strength of composites increases first and then decreases. When the carbon fiber content is 10, the impact strength increases with the increase of copper particle content. Compared with those without copper particles, the impact section of the composite with copper particles is uneven and uneven.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長春工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB332

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本文編號：2289820